Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 1120 Words

By definition, a dystopia is â€Å"an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one† (Oxford Dictionary). However, it may not be so far from nonfiction as had been thought. The modern United States is starting to express traits that classify a dystopia, such as dehumanization, individuality suppression, and the ever-growing gap between upper and lower class. The United States is heading down the path of becoming a dystopian society. Citizens in the United States have the same general behavior as those in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451. This novel features a world where cars are fast, music is loud, and watching television is the main way to spend free time. People rarely make time for each other, rarely imagine and form their own opinions, and rarely take the time to stop and smell the roses. Ever since the television came out, it has made a huge impact on how information has been passed around. It seems that the television has become abused with the movies, television series, and video games whose importance seems to outweigh that of getting out to spend time with friends and family, exploring and trying new things. â€Å"According to the A.C. Nielsen Co., the average American watches more than 4 hours of TV each day† (Herr). Considering there isn’t much time in the day after work and sleep, that’s a long time to be sitting doing almost nothing. In Fahrenheit 451, the civilians are consumed inShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511721 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature slowly disappear from the minds of the population? This is the question that Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, attempts to answer. In this book, he describes a hypothetical world in which the population not only avoids reading, but has made owning books an unthinkable crime, with all books discovered burned, along with the houses of those who hoarded them. In this dystopian future created by Bradbury, the beauty that is literature has been replaced in society by television programs andRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511358 Words   |  6 Pagesnotice them, books were outlawed, knowledge was forbidden, and memories were hard to come by? In the 1950 novel Fahrenheit 451, author Ray Bradbury presents a society which invokes much thought about the way we live in society today. It’s a story about a lifestyle in the future that has evolved from our present, but in s eemingly different worlds. Through the protagonist, Guy Montag, Bradbury makes a wider point about the dangers that a society can present. The government of this future forbids itsRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511360 Words   |  6 Pages Ray Bradbury and his Fahrenheit 451 Future Technology has had many great contributions, but is it destroying America as author Ray Bradbury foreseen back in the 1950’s. The intent of this paper is to explain how Fahrenheit 451, which was written over 65 years ago, has begun to come true in some aspects of American society today. The intended audience for this paper is fellow students who have not read this novel, and the professor. Ray Bradbury’s role in Fahrenheit 451 is to help readers understandRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512532 Words   |  11 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is a magnificent masterpiece written to aid in visualizing what a distant future dystopian society would look like; one in which everyone lives in the fast lane, technology is at its crowning, void of human relations and instant satisfactions, as well as gratifications, are constantly being pursued. The novel was written during the era where communism and the holocaust began to sprout. Mr. Bradbury, being a patriot of his country, feared that society was leaning towardRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451976 Words   |  4 PagesGuy Montage from Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 would be similar to life without a choice. Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 demonstrates how excessive use of technology affects a person’s relationship. Montage is the protagonist of the novel who is a fireman. Montage lives in a world where his job is to burn books, and initiate a fire. The government is trying to outlaw the use of books in the city. Bradbury portrays this new world through the character of Montage. Bradbury describes Montage’sRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512451 Words   |  10 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, is a prime example of social criticism. The story sets in the 24th century where people race jet cars; the author’s idea of the future. It shows a flawed social structure, controlled by the media and government with banning and burning o f books, and suppressing society’s minds from history. Their logical thought was that it would keep society from thinking too much, which in turn would prevent bad thoughts, and to keep them â€Å"happy all the time†. The book tells a storyRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511410 Words   |  6 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, rose to fame quickly and surely as a grandfather of the dystopian genre. A year after its release, Greg Conklin of Galaxy Science Fiction named the novel, â€Å"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more† (Conklin). The Chicago Sunday Tribune s August Derleth called it a shockingly savage prophetic view of one possible future way of life, while honoring Bradbury in sight of his brilliantRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512323 Words   |  10 Pagesnot accepted, or even worse, a detached society where emotions no longer exist. By reading th e first few pages of Fahrenheit 451, readers immediately get the feeling of a dystopian society. Firemen creating fires, instead of extinguishing them, and technology that has taken their society to a whole new level of entertainment. These are exaggerated ideas right off the bat, yet Ray Bradbury carries the readers through the story in order to show them his own outlook on the future- in fact, all dystopianRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512071 Words   |  9 Pageslives? In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury depicts a society that is immersed in technology, which becomes an obsession for most of its people. Bradbury also describes the negative effects that come with this technology, especially losing essential human traits like communication and common sense. Finally, Bradbury sends the message that technology is so powerful that it not only controls certain people, but an entire society as well. In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury describes the dangersRead MoreR ay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511592 Words   |  7 Pagessomething real?†(pg) Ray Bradbury s book Fahrenheit 451 although written in 1953, was ahead of its time predicting technological marvels and our potential to indulge and be addicted to electronic media. The novel presents a twilight zone of what society could be like if books and the written word were no longer desired and the main purpose of life becomes the hunt for personal happiness. So, has our society already evolved into these habits? I cannot help but say Bradbury s description is comparable

Quantitative Research Design Is The Standard Experimental...

Quantitative research design is the standard experimental method of most scientific disciplines. These experiments are sometimes referred to as true science, and use traditional mathematical and statistical means to measure results conclusively. They are most commonly used by physical scientists, although social sciences, education and economics have been known to use this type of research. It is the opposite of qualitative research. Quantitative experiments all use a standard format, with a few minor inter-disciplinary differences, of generating a hypothesis to be proved or disproved. This hypothesis must be provable by mathematical and statistical means, and is the basis around which the whole experiment is designed. Randomization of any study groups is essential, and a control group should be included, wherever possible. A sound quantitative design should only manipulate one variable at a time, or statistical analysis becomes cumbersome and open to question. Ideally, the research should be constructed in a manner that allows others to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results. Advantages Quantitative research design is an excellent way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis. The structure has not changed for centuries, so is standard across many scientific fields and disciplines. After statistical analysis of the results, a comprehensive answer is reached, and the results can be legitimately discussed and published. Quantitative experimentsShow MoreRelatedQualitative And Quantitative Research Design1537 Words   |  7 PagesResearch and Program Evaluation This paper will compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research designs. While giving the information, I will also elaborate on the types of research designs that they both implore. At the end of the paper, the reader will have a better understanding for qualitative and quantitative research designs and when to use each type of design. Qualitative Research Design Cresswell (2014) states â€Å"qualitative methods rely on text and image data, have unique stepsRead MoreStatistics in Research944 Words   |  4 Pagescourse of scientific and societal advances (Davidian, M. and Louis, T. A., 10.1126/science.1218685). Statisticians apply statistical thinking and methods to a wide variety of scientific, social, and business endeavors in such areas as astronomy, biology, education, economics, engineering, genetics, marketing, medicine, psychology, public health, sports, among many. Many economic, social, political, and military decisions cannot be made without statistical techniques, such as the design of experimentsRead MoreUsing Systematic And Formal Procedures1600 Words   |  7 PagesTherefore, the term research needs to be defined and explained before preceding to data collection methods which are the objective of this research. The term research has been defined multiple researchers throughout various disciplines due to the spectrum of viewing research. Waltz and Bausell(1981) referred to research as phenomena interpretations and problems solving using systematic and formal procedures. Furthermore, Payton (1979) defined research as finding answers for research questions implementingRead MoreC omparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research1586 Words   |  7 PagesCOMPARING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Social theory is a â€Å"system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organises the knowledge about the social world and explains how it works† (Neuman, 2006, p.8) and for many years scientists have gathered data using specialised techniques such as Quantative and Qualitative research to support or reject these theories. Quantitative research â€Å"generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers,† (Experiment Resources, 2009,Read MoreEvaluation Of Scientific Research Methods Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pages EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODS St. Cloud State University Abstract This term paper evaluates the formats of different type of research papers available today. The additional knowledge for the comparison have been gained from the textbook Research Methodology: A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners – Fourth Edition (2014) with the available types of research papers and research methodologies. This paper includes the types of research paper and presents the appropriate suggestionRead MoreThe Types Of General Data1339 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative and Quantitative are the two types of general data. Quantitative is data the deals with quantities, information that can be measured and put down as numbers on paper. An example quantitative data can be someone’s height, shoe size, and length of hair. Qualitative data is information that can’t be measured but still existed in a sense that we can understand. When taking the two of these and put them into the format of research they both have different aims in trying to collect their ownRe ad MoreEssay on Reconciliation between Science and Religion865 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom religion to understand the phenomena through science application to investigate the phenomena. While religion can cultivate a human beings’ sense of morality and humanity, it can also guide scientists when they conduct research that runs the risk of going beyond humane standards. However, after a semester, different views of religion are included in the current personal philosophy of science. At the beginning, religion was seen in a very limited way without beliefs and spirituality. In other wordsRead MoreResearch Methodology Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesThe study design and methods chosen to take the same degree, both in real life or experimental research. To learn more, the analysis of the data collection process took place before the start of the process. The size of the choice of design research in line with the research approach to take, be it real life or experimental research. If the experimental research, the design research can be established. This research is about and how it will be done before the standards of a large amount of thoughtRead MoreThe Comparative Method : Moving Beyond Qualitative And Quantitative Methods2036 Words   |  9 PagesThe Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies by Charles C. Ragin describes several aspects of the comparative research process. He describes in detail the strategies a comparative researcher can employ and the differences and similarities of these strategies. He notes that the comparative approach is primarily of a qualitative nature and is by its very nature different from quantitative scientific methodology based upon statistical inference. During the course ofRead MoreOutline and Assess the Use of Experiments in Social Psychology Drawing on the Cogn itive Social Perspective and Phenomenological Perspective1672 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives of the discipline, the first of which being the cognitive social perspective. The ontology of the perspective has researchers view the person as a thinker in society, one whose thought processes are shaped by and helped create the world in which they live. Typically the methodology is principally quantitative, in mainly laboratory based experiments. Investigators shepherd studies in which they collect quantitative data and assess theory based hypothesis using standard statistical techniques

Defining the Purpose of Education Free Essays

I believe the purpose of education is to provide children with a wide range of knowledge that will lead them into the future. The journey through education should be an enjoyable experience that they will always remember. The more fun a child has learning the more they will want to learn and the more they will want to be in the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining the Purpose of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students should be provided with an environment that is bright, happy, uplifting, and most importantly safe. Students should feel like their classroom is the safest place for them to be. Teachers should make sure that the classroom is equipped with all the essential safety materials. Teachers should set safety rules for the students and make sure they are always followed, to keep physical harm in the classroom from happening. Accidents do happen, so both teachers and students should know what to do incase of an emergency. Students should also feel mentally and emotionally safe. Students should not be afraid to answer a question, express ideas and opinions, or present a project. The teacher should provide the child with confidence to express his or her opinion with out being ridiculed by others. I believe that students should have fun while in the classroom. School is a place where many children make their friends and playmates. Students enjoy doing things with their peers, so I believe that working in groups is a great way to let students† individual intelligence†s add to someone else†s ideas so they end up learning from one another. It†s a great way for students to accept their peers† ideas and incorporate everyone†s ideas in to one finished project. I also believe that children learn though playing. This especially is true for pre-school and kindergarteners. There should be activities in the classroom that caters to every student†s different interests. Such activities center around art, books, music, building blocks, kitchen sets, computers, science activities, sand and water, and toys that will be familiar to them like the ones they would have at home. Through these activities and subjects that are focused on, students should leave the classroom with new knowledge everyday. Teachers should set rules for the classroom to keep the class in order. The student should know the rules on the first day of class and follow them everyday throughout the year. If a rule is broken, the student must face the consequences. This goes for homework assignments also. A child should know when homework assignments are do and if they are not turned in on time they will not be able to turn them in. It is the teacher†s responsibility to have control over the classroom and be in charge. It is also the teacher†s responsibility to make sure all of the students are learning the set curriculum. Assessment will be given sporadically to make sure that the students are learning what is being taught and that they are on the same level as everyone else. Assessments can be oral or written to test the student†s skills. Progress reports should be sent home regularly to let parents know the students† strengths and weaknesses. Parents should be encouraged to work with the children at home on the subject that the child is having trouble with. I hope that my students will remember my classroom and take along the lessons they have learned and use them throughout their lives. Teaching to me is the most rewarding occupation. Teaching children information that can affect their lives forever and to be able to reward them for the accomplishments is going to be the most fulfilling experience that I may ever experience in this life time. I hope that students walk out of my classroom satisfied with themselves and what they have learned in my class. How to cite Defining the Purpose of Education, Papers

New Zealand Epidemiology-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Explore New Zealand Epidemiology, looking at differences In Morbidity and Mortality between M ori and non-M ori Males and Females. Answer: Introduction: According to the definition provided by the World Health Organization, epidemiology can be defined as the study of the distribution as well as the determinants of health related states and events which may include diseases also. Application of this study helps to control diseases and other health problems. Descriptive studies and surveillance are often used to carry epidemiological investigations. They help to study distribution and analytical studies to determine determinants. With the advancement of the medical science in the present generation, the life expectancy of the people has increased. Therefore a larger population of old aged people is living happily with their families. The rate of mortality has decreased as more people are being benefitted by the modern medical amenities and services in the nation. However, the rate of morbidity is seen to been increasing. A large number of people are living in poorer health. This is because although the system has been successful in pre venting early death but has not been capable of providing quality life to people living in co morbid conditions. Huge amount of researches and initiatives have been taken to develop the morbidity statistics of the nation and to give better lives. Out of these situations, the most vulnerable groups who suffer the most are the Maoris in comparison to the non-Maoris. Since many decades, a strong difference in health status has been noted between the Maoris and non Maoris where the rate of each kind of disorder is higher in Maoris and non Maoris (Mitrou et al., 2014). Therefore this report will mainly shed life how different diseases have various affecting rates between Maoris and non Maoris. The main factors for this difference will also be discussed. Following this, the different initiatives taken over the years and the initiatives which are still need to be taken will be discussed. Morbidity and mortality: Mortality means death especially on a large scale. Morbidity means suffering of huge number of individuals due to diseases, disorders, ill health and others. Among Maoris, the main causes of mortality and morbidity are ischemic heart disease, Diabetes, Lung cancer, Motor vehicle accidents, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebro-vascular disease (stroke) and suicide. Similar causes are also present among non Maoris but the rate of mortality and morbidity is much lower than the Maoris. Cardiovascular disease: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major rates of death and suffering among large number of populations of New Zealand. In case of the Maori, total cardiovascular disease mortality per 10000 ranges for about 346.9 in males and 232.3 in females. The similar in the non-Maori citizens per 100000 in the year 2014 is 168.2 in males and 99.2 in females. This gives a clear indication of how disparities exist between both Maoris and non Maoris. Researchers are of the opinion that poor health literacy and maintenance of low quality lifestyles have exposed the Maoris to a greater danger. Even if the hospitalization rate if noticed, it will show that the hospitalization rate due to cardiovascular disorder per 100000 is 3725.6 in males and 2710.2 in females among to Maoris ("Cardiovascular disease", 2017). The same is 2537.2 in males and 1376.0 in females among the non Maoris. Thereby it can be seen that Maoris are subjected to more hospitalization resulting in higher flow of their resources t han non Maoris. Besides, heart mortality rate among the Maoris are also found to be twice than the rate of the non Maori. Moreover statistics also stated that Maoris were likely to be 4 times more prone to hospitalization due to heart failure than the non Maoris. Ischemic heart diseases account for about half of the cardiovascular diseases mortalities. This disease reacted mortality accounts for about 205.5 in males to that of 109.5 in females in per 100000 Maoris whereas the same for the non Maori population was found to be much lesser like 103.3 in males and 44.0 in females per 100000 of the non Maoris ("Cardiovascular disease" Ministry of Health New Zealand, 2017). A similar high rate of hospitalization due to these diseases is found to be higher in the Maoris than the non Maori which signifies the presence of disparities in the number of Maori and non Maori population getting affected and hence the factors present at the base of the disparity needs to be discussed. Diabetes: Diabetes is yet another concern among the populations of New Zealand. It has been found form the data collected in 2014 that diagnosed diabetes prevalence among the Maori males is 6.0 and Maori females is 5.3 in 100 people. The same is quite low in case of the non Maori people as in 100 non Maoris, the rate is found to be 5.2 in males and 4.3 in females. It has been seen that the Maori adults were about 1.5 times more likely than the non Maori adults to have been diagnosed with diabetes after 25 years of age in the year 2013 to 2014 ("Diabetes" Ministry of Health New Zealand, 2017). Self reported cases of diabetes were also found to be 50% higher than that of the non Maoris. Two important complications which are associated with diabetes is renal failure and lower limb amputation. Renal failure above the age of 15 due to diabetes is found to be 5 times higher in Maori than the non Maoris where lower limb amputation is 3 times higher in the Maoris. Suicide and self harm: For the cases of self harm and suicides, the rates of Maori males is about 1.5 times higher in males than the non Maori males and their rates of hospitalizations are also higher. Suicide rates are found to be about 24.7 in males and 9.8 in females among the Maoris and 14.0 in males and 4.4 in females among the non Maoris per 100000 populations ("Suicide and intentional self-harm" Ministry of Health New Zealand, 2017). Other major disorders Other major disorders which also show high rates of mortality and morbidity among the Maoris I comparison to the non Maoris are the cancer, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and disabilities. Not only had that Maoris also represented poor oral health, mental health and infant health than the non Maoris and therefore it becomes extremely important to identify the factors which have resulted in the disparities in the health systems. Factors that lead to ill health in Maoris in comparison to non Maoris: Often researchers over the years have tried their best to recognize the social and economic indicators that are resulting in development of disparities in the health status of the Maori people (Hicks, 2014). Some of the most important factors which have been noted to be the contributing factors for ill health are economic insecurity and unemployment (Mitrou et al., 2014). Low education level and social exclusion and discrimination have also been some of the most important factors that have resulted in the disorders. More inappropriate access to healthcare services has been yet another reason behind development of poor health quality. Culturally and spiritually they also feel disconnected with the livings styles of the non Maori people which results in development of inappropriate approach towards the accessing healthcare services (Pega et al., 2014). Income: Income is one of the most of important determinant of health. Data shows that income inequality between the Maoris and non Maori have been one of the determining factor or health disparity it was fund that low income is intricately associated with inappropriate methods of living like improper housing, improper diet and improper maintenance of lifestyle. This in turn affects the Maoris physically and mentally (Pega et al., 2014). Researchers have clearly stated that greater the income inequality higher is the overall mortality of the individuals(Hicks, 2014). Although the poor living conditions and housing positions of the Maoris have declined over the year but the data still suggests of value at around 27% which is till compared higher to that of the 16% of the non Maoris. Poorer the income, poorer are the living conditions and hence greater the chances of health disorders. Total personal income is less than $10,000 is about 23 in males and 25 in females in Maoris where that for the non Maoris are 14.8 in males and 21.7 in females . This automatically gives an overview about how disparities occur in the two groups of populations (Wright et al., 2016). Employment: The next determinants of health are called the employment. It is quite important as it determines the income of family or an individual (Hicks, 2014). Employment is found to enhance social status and at the same time also improves self esteem and thereby provides social contact. It often helps in determining the level of participation in community lives and thereby enhances opportunities for regular activities (Wright et al., 2016). This in turn helps to influence individual health and also well being. Researchers have suggested that unemployment is detrimental to both the mental as well as physical health. Researchers have also shown that unemployed individuals report of poor health in higher degrees in comparison to people who are employed. Although the level of unemployment among the Maoris had decreased over the years but unfortunately the number is yet high enough that requires attention (Sheridon et al., 2015). Maoris are still facing discrimination in the labor markets mainly in the case of getting a job, type of job oriented and the wages paid for a particular type of job also seems to vary between Maoris and non Maoris (Fatusi Bello, 2015). It is astonishing to see that the number of unemployed Maoris individuals range form number 9.8 in males and 10.4 in female whereas 4.1 in males and 4.0 in females among the non Maoris. Therefore it becomes evident that the health status is poor in Maoris in comparison to that of non Maoris. Education: Education is also highly critical in determining the peoples social as well as economic position and hence their health (Hicks, 2014). Researchers are of the opinion that low level of education is highly associated with that of poor health status. Different forms of education systems had been introduced in the Maori schools like the Te K?hanga Reo and Kura Kaupapa M?ori. Other additional programs include Te Kotahitanga has also helped in the meeting requirements of education for the Maoris (Sheridan et al., 2015). However, successful results have not been obtained as many Maori individuals have been seen to leave their education half way without finishing them properly. The level 2 certificate or higher levels for school completion for individuals above 15+ age have also been found to be less in case of the Maoris for about 42.1 for males and 47.8 for females in Maoris in comparison to that of 65.2 in males and 64.3 in females in non Maoris (Rawson, 2016). Lesser the education attain ed, lesser will be the development of health literacy and proper ideas about good lifestyle habits. This would ultimately result in practicing improper habits that my lead to health disorders. Housing: Housing is yet another factor that takes an important role in determining the different health status of the Maori people (Hicks, 2014). It is indirectly associated with unemployment and income. An individual who has no employment and income are forced to live in houses which do not have proper hygiene and is not of proper infrastructures. This is mainly because they cannot afford housing with good features (Wilson Neville, 2017). Another perspective is that the cost of housing is too high for the Maoris and therefore they have less money left from their income for other budget items and therefore they cannot buy nutritious food, education as well as access to health services. Moreover increased housing cost has resulted in sharing the accommodation with many others leading to overcrowding as well as living in temporary conditions all are making them prone to develop health disorders. Such issues are rarely faced by non Maori and hence the disparity in health status prevails (Came e t al. 2017). Statistical data shows that the household numbers with overcrowding, without the motor vehicle access, without internet access and without telecommunications are also found to be quite higher in the Maoris than the non Maoris and hence there requires an urgency to handle this situations effectively. Ethnicity and race: Ethnicity and race are yet another factor that leads to poor access to healthcare and hence results in higher chance of being affected by mental or physical disorders (Hicks, 2014). The Maoris face racism and are stigmatized due to their cultural preferences and inhibitions. Non Maori people develop stigma towards them due to their own stereotypes and biasness and hence these create a feeling of loss of self respect and self esteem among the Maoris (Nikora et al., 2015). There have been evidences where differences in quality of care have been noted in the New Zealand healthcare systems. There have been various evidences noted where the Maori people were found to be less likely to receive appropriate care. This is mainly noticed during the screening as well as treatment of ischemic heart diseases, pain relief during child birth. In appropriate and careless service delivery has also been noticed in case of the diagnosis and treatment of depression, diabetes screening and management (Ha rris, Cormack Stanley, 2013). Moreover they are not cared by experts following their cultural traditions and preferences and hence they feel disrespected and los of will to visit healthcare centers. Cultural factors have both positive and negative effects on their health. They have totally a different set of values which they believe will help them in overcoming any ill health and disorder. Their values like tikanga, maturanga moari and similar others strengthen them to fight against ill health. Te whare tapa wh? is believed by them to be the four cornerstones of their leading of proper Maori health. However, the socioeconomic status overrides their cultural beliefs and become the main reasons for their death. Researchers have clearly stated that ethnicity in New Zealand is associated with underlying socioeconomic causes. It is not clear about how much cultural and ethnic factors contribute to ill health but evidence suggests that ethnic and cultural inequalities in health is largely attributed to inequalities which underlie socioeconomic determinants of health. Seven important determinants of health differences: Whitehead had identified seven important determinants of health differences. The first one according to him is the natural and biological variation. Secondly, they also have health damaging behavior which put their lives at risk at the use of excessive tobacco, playing risky sports and many others. Thirdly, the non Maoris experience transient health advantage over the Maoris as they are mode adaptable to healthy good behaviors unlike the Maoris (Harris, Cormack Stanley, 2013). Fourthly they also have health damaging behaviors where their choices of lifestyles make them more vulnerable to the development of disorders. Not only that, they are also subjected to unhealthy living as well as working conditions. Moreover they also get inadequate access to essential health and other public services. Moreover, natural selection of health related social mobility which involve tendency of sick people to move down the social scale is also noticed (Brownie, Davem Giles-Corti, 2016 Initiatives taken over the years: The main challenge is the reduction of the inequities which ultimately will help in the creating of the opportunities for all the people of the nation to enjoy good health. Successfully overcoming the challenges will lead to development of a fairer society where everyone will have the similar opportunity for good health (Hayes, 2014). There should be also a development of inclusive society where everyone would have a sense of belonging and at the same time feel their contribution is valued. The initiatives should be such that it would involve health and well being for the population as a whole which would also cover those who are experiencing poor health. Over the years, various initiatives have been take to overcome the health inequities faced by the Maoris in comparison to that of the non Maoris. The government has accepted the treaty of Waitangi where three important principles have been proposed to meet the gap of involvement of the Maori people in the healthcare services. By signing the treaty the crown recognized Maoris as the co-signatories under the articles of the treaty. The government has also taken initiatives to fulfill all obligations as a treaty partner who would help the Maoris by supporting their determination of whanaus, iwis and hapu (Cram, 2014). By the three principles of the Waitangi,- participation, protection and partnership where the elders of the whanau would be included before decisions making so that their culture and traditions are respected and looked after. They have been provided the self determination power/ along with the treaty of Waitangi. Maori development, their capacity building, closing the soci oeconomic gaps between Maori and non Maori, tracking expenditure of the Maori outcomes were observed and noted. The governments closing the gap policy has helped to understand the gaps between the Maori and non Maori mainly in the condition like housing conditions and home ownership, educational achievement, rates and periods of unemployment, health status, number of prior inmates and children and also young persons who need care, protection and control (Humpage, 2017). In the past decades, many important initiatives have been tried to be taken at different levels. The income inequality has been tried to be reduced in the 200s following the large increase in the ginis in the 1980s to 1990s. However, it is once again increasing. Social welfare policies have been implemented which are in part at least pro-equity. This would include working for families and Whanau ora. Intersectoral activities have also been implemented which had helped in the improvement of health as well as health equity. These include retrofitting as well as insulation of housing stock that included energy efficiency and also health benefits and also Before School Check and the National Immunization register (Anaya, 2015). Many policies have also been introduced relevant to health. This would include equity goals and purposes. This included Health Strategy, Reducing Inequalities in Health Strategy, Cancer Control Strategy, He Korowai Orange and Ala Moui: Pathways to Pacific Health a nd Wellbeing 2010-2014. This had been done through researches, programs, health professional training as well as well being that included cultural competency. Moreover health equity impact tools (e.g. HEAT) was also used. Maori health provider along with that of the Maori development was also in focus and therefore included initiatives like treaty of Waitangi. Moreover proper legislation in New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 was also introduced. Other tailored programs had also taken place which included the service delivery for the DHB, PHO and other service provider level which ensured that the Maoris and low socioeconomic people would undertake immunization activities (Hamlin et al., 2016). It also helped in improvement in the rates of smoking cessation, cardiovascular risk factor detection and also type 2 diabetes management. Proper funding initiatives have been established. Moreover target and performance indicators have also been done that includes metrics by re gion, ethnicity and deprivation. Framework: A proper framework is very important along with development of a comprehensive plan for overcoming the health inequalities faced by the Maoris and non Maoris. For that, unlike the singular policies and task done by the government and other organizations it becomes very important to develop a comprehensive close knitted plan so that all the issues can be controlled by the policies and the initiatives altogether. A framework can be established which would help in meeting the goals and objectives (Ball et al., 2016). The first stage would be to reduce the health inequalities by the underlying social and economic determinants of health. Moreover factors which are intermediate between health and social determinants of health would include behaviour, environment and material resources and therefore the concerned individuals and organizations should provide importance to the factors. Thirdly, health and disability services should be increased in number for better service delivery. The feedback effect on the ill health on socioeconomic positions should also be introduced. A comprehensive approach: First approach: The first approach would be including the structural components which include social, cultural, economic as well as historical factors. This step would include systematic representation of the different principles of the treaty of Waitangi in policy development as well as planning and service deliveries. It would also include proper distribution of the funding with proper arrangements of resources according to the needs. It should also involve exploration of health impact assessment tools. .Proper monitoring of the health inequalities, social determinants and the relationship between the two should be learnt properly (Cram, 2014). Second approach: This would mainly include intermediary pathways. This would mainly constitute the different housing initiatives, setting based programs like development of healthy cities and health promoting schools in Maori regions. It also included community development programs. It also included community development programs (Smith and Jury, 2016). It also would involve looking over the workplace interventions like making the workplace safe for the Maori people. Local authority polices should be includes like building of cycle ways, playgrounds, transports and others. Third approach It would be to check the health and disability services for reduction of disabilities. This would include ensuring equity in care services by proper distribution of resources in collaboration with communities. This would also involve removal of barriers which prevent the effective use of services for all ethnic and social groups (Ewen et al., 2016). Fourth approach It would mainly involve the reduction of the impact of disability and ailments on the socio-economic positions. This would include providing income support like providing sickness benefits and others. Allowing disability allowance, accident compensations support services for disabled people, chronic ailments, mental health illness and others would also be included. Moreover anti-discrimination and legislation and education should also be introduced (Brownie et al., 2016) Conclusion: A marked difference is observed in the disease rate among the Maoris and non Maoris. Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, obesity, mental health problems, strokes, suicidal and intentional harms and many others are higher in rates among the Maoris and non Maoris. When the matters are researched deeply, a number of factors came into view which is responsible for higher disease burden in the Maoris in comparison to non Maoris. Although huge number of initiatives is taken and the diseases rates have reduced, the reduction is not at its best level to help the Maoris lead a better life. Lesser income, poorer employment opportunities, incomplete education, improper housing standards, culture and ethnicity and many other have been the main reasons which are increasing the diseases burden of the Maoris. Huge initiatives like introduction of treaty of Waitangi, immunization programs to prevent them from infections, establishment of schools following their values and many o thers have been done. Yet the result has not been satisfactory. More planned and comprehensive approaches should be taken which will help them by developing their lifestyle factors and increase their access to healthcare and better amenities. Proper policies and guided living standards should be proposed to them to make their lives happy and help them live quality lives. References: Anaya, S. J. (2015). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Situation of Maori People in New Zealand.Ariz. J. Int'l Comp. L.,32, 1. Ball, J., Edwards, R., Waa, A., Bradbrook, S. K., Gifford, H., Cunningham, C., ... Taylor, S. (2016). Is the NZ Government responding adequately to the M?ori Affairs Select Committee's 2010 recommendations on tobacco control? A brief review.NZ Med J,129(1428), 93-7. Browne, G. R., Davern, M. T., Giles?Corti, B. (2016). An analysis of local government health policy against state priorities and a social determinants framework.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,40(2), 126-131. Came, H. A., McCreanor, T., Simpson, T. (2017). Health activism against barriers to indigenous health in Aotearoa New Zealand.Critical Public Health,27(4), 515-521. Came, H., Doole, C., McKenna, B., McCreanor, T. (2017). Institutional racism in public health contracting: Findings of a nationwide survey from New Zealand.Social Science Medicine. Cardiovascular disease. (2017).Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 9 November 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/tatau-kahukura-maori-health-statistics/nga-mana-hauora-tutohu-health-status-indicators/cardiovascular-disease Cram, F. (2014). Improving M?ori access to health care: Research report.Wellington: Ministry of Health. Cram, F. (2014).Improving M?ori access to cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular health care: Key informant interviews. Katoa Limited. Cram, F. (2014).Improving M?ori access to cardiovascular health care: Literature review. Katoa Limited. Diabetes. (2017).Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 9 November 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/tatau-kahukura-maori-health-statistics/nga-mana-hauora-tutohu-health-status-indicators/diabetes Ewen, S., Mazel, O., Barrett, J., Oldfield, K., Walters, T. (2016). Reforming Indigenous health in medical education: Medical school accreditation as a targeted policy initiative.MedEdPublish,5. Fatusi, A. O., Bello, B. (2015). Social Determinants of Health in Adolescents and Young Women's Health and Nutrition: Current Evidence. InHealth and nutrition in adolescents and young women: Preparing for the next generation(Vol. 80, pp. 61-69). Karger Publishers. Hamlin, M. J., Yule, E., Elliot, C. A., Stoner, L., Kathiravel, Y. (2016). Long-term effectiveness of the New Zealand Green Prescription primary health care exercise initiative.Public health,140, 102-108. Harris, R. B., Cormack, D. M., Stanley, J. (2013). The relationship between socially-assigned ethnicity, health and experience of racial discrimination for M?ori: analysis of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey.BMC public health,13(1), 844. Hayes, R. (2016). Whanau Ora: A Maori health strategy to support Whanau in Aotearoa.Whitireia Nursing Health Journal, (23), 25. Hicks, K. (2014). Indigenous health promotion competency and workforce development to address social determinants of health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Humpage, L. (2017). Does having an Indigenous Political Party in Government make a Difference to Social Policy? The M?ori Party in New Zealand.Journal of Social Policy, 1-20. Mitrou, F., Cooke, M., Lawrence, D., Povah, D., Mobilia, E., Guimond, E., Zubrick, S. R. (2014). Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006.BMC Public Health,14(1), 201. Nikora, L. W., Hodgetts, D., Groot, S., Stolte, O., Chamberlain, K. (2015). Street health: practitioner service provision for M?ori homeless people in Auckland.Psychosocial Dimensions of Medicine, 220. Pega, F., Valentine, N. B., Matheson, D., Rasanathan, K. (2014). Public social monitoring reports and their effect on a policy programme aimed at addressing the social determinants of health to improve health equity in New Zealand.Social Science Medicine,101, 61-69. Rawson, E. (2016). Te Waioratanga: Health Promotion Practice-The Importance of M?ori Cultural Values to Wellbeing in a Disaster Context and Beyond.Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies,20, 81-87. Sheridan, N. F., Kenealy, T. W., Schmidt-Busby, J. I., Rea, H. H. (2015). Population health in New Zealand 20002013: From determinants of health to targets.SAGE open medicine,3, 2050312115573654. Sheridan, N., Kenealy, T., Schmidt-Busby, J., Rea, H. (2016). Population health in New Zealand 2000-2013: Targets disrupt service integration from addressing health determinants.International Journal of Integrated Care,16(6). Smith, M., Jury, A. F. (2016). Key Initiatives in New Zealands Adult Mental Health Workforce Development.Workforce Development Theory and Practice in the Mental Health Sector, 106. Suicide and intentional self-harm. (2017).Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 9 November 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/tatau-kahukura-maori-health-statistics/nga-mana-hauora-tutohu-health-status-indicators/suicide-and-intentional-self-harm Wilson, D., Neville, S. (2017). Health Disparities: The Social Determinants Of Health.Contexts of Nursing: An Introduction, 287. Wright, A. L., Wahoush, O., Ballantyne, M., Gabel, C., Jack, S. M. (2016). Qualitative Health Research Involving Indigenous Peoples: Culturally Appropriate Data Collection Methods.The Qualitative Report,21(12), 2230.

Questions Essay Example

Questions Essay Question 1. You are a recently appointed Sales Manager for a manufacturer of small engines. The company has grown rapidly over recent years, but its profit margins have been declining and this is one of the key issues that you have been hired to address.After three months on the job, you have become aware that the company’s nine salespeople are focused on closing as many deals as possible regardless of whether they provide good solutions for customers. In addition, salespeople are discounting so much that your company’s margins are continuing to decrease. Clearly, your position as Sales Manager may be in trouble if this continues, plus your personal bonus is based upon achieving profit margin objectives.When you have discussed this with the salespeople, they indicate that in the past they have been encouraged to focus on sales volume and not the profitability of deals.Some changes are required otherwise the profitability targets of the organisation and your personal bon us will not be achieved. What steps do you undertake to resolve the situation and why do you undertake those steps?It is important for the Sales people to be able to have clear goals so that they may correspondingly direct their behaviour towards the achievement of these targets. If they have been accustomed to believing that they will have maximum pay-offs in increasing their sales volume, then they will continue to act as if this strategy will yield them maximum benefit. The first step I will do is to hold a general assembly which will focus on this change of mindset. I will clarify with them that it is profitability and not merely sales volume that will give both them and the whole unit maximum yield. This is consistent with the essence of expectancy theory.Expectancy theory supports the contention that people choose the behaviour they believe will maximize their payoff.   It states that people look at various actions and choose the one they believe is most likely to lead to th e rewards they want the most. This theory has been tested extensively. It has been found that expectancy theory can do an excellent job of predicting occupational choice and job satisfaction and a moderately good job of predicting effort on the job.   Expectancy theory implies that the anticipation of rewards is important as well as the perceived contingency between the behaviours desired by the organisation and the desired rewards.   The theory also implies that since different people desire different rewards, organisations should try to match rewards with what employees want (Weathersby, 1998). In other words, if the sales people realise that they will have more reward if they focus on profitability, then they will work towards this changed goal. What is important is to be able to effectively clarify what the goal is, why it was changed, and why it is crucial to achieve it.This change in mindset among the sales people may also be perceived as a change in the vision and its cla rification. It is important for me as a Sales Manager to have a clearly defined vision, both on the task and people sides of the business. This speaks of the effectiveness of their leadership, which is both people-oriented than task-oriented. All leaders have the capacity to create a compelling vision, one that takes people to a new place, and the ability to translate that vision into reality. Modern leadership literature frequently characterises the leader as the vision holder, the keeper of the dream, or the person who has a vision of the organisations purpose. If the Sales team is one in achieving a profitability target and they know the specific objectives that they have to hit to contribute to this overall goal, then I would be more confident that the overall goal of the team would be achieved.;Personal vision includes my personal aspirations for the organisation and acts as the impetus for the my actions that will link organisational and future vision. My vision needs to be sh ared by those who will be involved in its realization. Setting of a profitability target for the sales team is just one manifestation of visionary leadership, where a clear goal is identified – but I also have the responsibility to link this to more strategic organisational thrusts.;Question 2. You are the Sales Manager of an electrical goods distributor whose main customer base is electrical retailers. One of your most successful salespeople struggles to submit the weekly written reports that you require from all of your salespeople. This salesperson never submits the reports on time, you usually have to repeatedly request them and when they are submitted they don’t contain the customer information or sales activity information that you want. This also makes it difficult to keep these customer records up to date in the company’s CRM system and limits the ability of sales support staff to help manage these relationships. The rest of the salesforce submit these r eports, in hard or soft copy, on time and without complaint.What do you do about this issue and why?The first thing I will do as a Sales Manager is to hold a performance discussion with my salesman because of this poor work habit of delayed report submission. During the discussion, I would clearly state why we are holding the session and its importance. I would then allow him to express concerns about why he is always not punctual in churning out his reports. I will try as much as possible to still maintain his self-esteem despite the correction, and also to listen attentively to his concerns. At the end of the session, we should have concurred on the best course of action to be able to resolve the problem. We will then set a work plan, specifying who will do what and by when.The clarity of a goal is important – it needs to be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. I should ensure that the goal of report submission comply with these criteria of well-defin ed goals / objectives. Moreover, I should also be able to show the linkage of this positive behaviour of goal submission to reward. If no such linkage is made, the salesman may not be motivated in attaining the goal set out for him. According to goals setting theories, employees set goals and those organisations can influence work behaviour by influencing these goals.   The major concepts in the theory are intentions, performance standards, goal acceptance, and the effort expended.   These concepts are assumed to be the motivation.   Participation in goal setting should increase commitment and acceptance.   Individual goal setting should be more effective than group goals because it is the impact of goals on intentions that is important.   In goal-setting theory the crucial factor is the goal.   Tests of the theory show that using goals leads to higher performance than situations without goals, and that difficult goals lead to better performance than easy ones (Maczynski ; Koopman, 2000).   Although participation in goal setting may increase satisfaction, it does not always lead to higher performance.Second, I will also ensure that continuous monitoring and feedback transpires after we hold the performance discussion. I will coach him further if necessary until he is able to correct his poor work habit. A feedback system can be a form of reinforcement system and a motivational factor for management in promoting positive behaviour among employees. Following Skinner’s reinforcement theory, I can use the feedback system as a form of motivational lever in shaping my salesman’s behaviour and in helping him aim for higher goals. I can also provide incentives for positive behaviour.;It is important to provide feedback to the salesman to assess his or her strengths and weaknesses so that further training can be implemented. Although this feedback and training should be an ongoing process, the semi-annual evaluation might be the best time to formally discuss his performance, but performance coaching sessions across the performance period is encouraged.;Question 4. If you pay a sales person enough money you will have a well motivated sales person. Do you agree? Explain your reasons.While pay is an important consideration for most workers, there are more important considerations that affect an employees’ intention to stay with the organisation and to work optimally. My salesmen’s   intrinsic motivation will cause them to exhibit organisational commitment even as he realizes that the pay offered by the company is not necessarily the most competitive.   While this is the case, tt is important to ensure that their pay is equitable – while it is not the highest in the industry – since this is intricately related to the my salesmen’s sense of job satisfaction.I should also ensure that the rewards given to my sales people are equitably given. Equity theory suggests that motivated behaviou r is a form of exchange in which individuals employ an internal balance sheet in determining what to do.   It predicts that people will choose the alternative they perceive as fair.   In other words, my sales people should find that those who contributed more to goal attainment are also rewarded as much. That is, reward is a function of performance or merit.I realise that motivating workers well in these times of change demands a balanced combination of emotional and intellectual levers. Any manager should learn to use and combine as many needs, factors, modes of reinforcement, and outputs into their message as may be necessary to motivate their employees (Legge, 2005). As Sales Manager, I can become a good motivator by knowing two things well: first, which tool or level of motivation will work for each and every employee, and second, how to motivate and communicate effectively with the use of positive reinforcement. On the part of my company, management practices which can serv e as effective reinforcers include self-esteem work shops, flexible work arrangements, customized benefits packages, individual and team performance-based reward systems, among others. Each employee is different thus their motivating factors vary from one and other. My task should be to locate motivational factors of each individual or group in order to develop a motivational environment. This will assist the me in creating a better working environment enhancing productivity and job satisfaction.;Leaders and managers like myself are the ones that provide motivation and vision to any organisational undertaking. I should posses the capabilities, abilities, and skills of a leader in order to create a motivating, working environment. Only in having such effective and motivational leadership can the organisation be assured of a healthy, sustainable, and committed workforce.Word Count: 402ReferencesLegge, K. (2005). Human resource management: Rhetorics and realities. Anniversary edition. Basingstoke: MacMillan.Maczynski, J. ; Koopman, P. (2000). Culture and leadership profiles in Europe: Some results from the GLOBE study. In Koslowsky, M. ; Stashevsky, S. (eds.), Work values and organisational behaviour toward the new millennium. London: Macmillan.Weathersby, G. B. (1998). Leadership at every level. Management Review, 87(6), 5.

Tribalism in Iraq Essays

Tribalism in Iraq Essays Tribalism in Iraq Essay Tribalism in Iraq Essay Read the following article â€Å"Tribalism is the real enemy in Iraq† Answer the following questions 1. The author argues that Islam is not the real foe in the war in iraq. Who does he say is? The author argues that Islam is not the real barrier between the Western forces and the people of Iraq, but merely our differences in values and daily life, with the center of our differing ideologies being tribalism. 2. What does the author identify as the major differences between East and West? The author identifies the differences between East and West being our inherent basic ideologies. He describes Iraqi ideology as being post apocalyptic. 3. What are the five main attributes of tribalism as the author says sociology has taught us? Explain each. The tribe needs a boss. The tribe needs a leader to direct its people. The tribe is a warrior; its foundation is warrior pride. These are people who see themselves as knights of the Islamic crusade. The demand the respect of their people. The tribe respects power. The tribe respects those who display their might, not those who cower behind treaties and passive communication. You cant sell freedom to tribesmen any more than you can sell democracy. He doesnt want it. It violates his code. It threatens everything he stands for. They believe that the land IS theirs, and that is was given to them by god. The tribe has no honor except within its own sphere, deriving justice for its own people. Its code is Us versus Them. The outsider is a gentile, an infidel, a devil. If you came from the outside, you will never assimilate. 4. What then, from the author’s perspective, is the solution to this distinctively different approach to social organization between the East and the West? Do you agree? Explain. Though I believe he has a great point about our basic ideologies being different and Iraq in need of strong leader (or preferably a Stalin-esque dictator), he seems to be making almost archaic generalizations about the Iraqi people. Being a Caucasian Canadian living in the region I know how different they are from westerners like me, but I can tell you that the Iraqi people care nothing of tribes, leaders and marrying daughter,   and more about getting their water turned back on and feeling safe in their own homes. More than anything though, these people resent that we came in the first place. They may have had a dictator with secret police, but it was not taken out on the majority of citizens. Their standard of living is set to improve after the public development of their oil, but there is a long way to go before the bottom starts seeing any of that. Cite all your sources.

Financial Overview For the Global Venture PowerPoint Presentation

Financial Overview For the Global Venture - PowerPoint Presentation Example Times have changed and the world has become a global village where internet should be used as an effective tool for marketing the product and managing other resources while making sure that its done in a careful manner in order to avoid cybercrime or theft of confidential information to the competitors. The mission statement of Company A focuses on being the market leader in energy drinks industry while operating in an effective and profitable manner and at the same time providing an organizational culture that supports employees input and gives them their deserved recognition. Company A intends to work on SMART goals that mean being Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-based and at the same time developing the objectives of growth, business development and fulfilling their obligations to society.SWOT analysis of Brazil demonstrates that they the major strengths of Brazil lie in high economic growth and fully developed infrastructures which are crucial for any new start- up company or a product launch. Weaknesses lie in complex regulatory mechanisms, fluctuations in the business cycle and complicated foreign investment policies. On the other hand, economic stability and abundance of hydroelectricity are considered to be the main opportunities in the Brazilian market. Lastly, two major threats include HIV which although is declining but still has a huge absolute number and high-interest rates.Based on the analysis, Brazil appears to be a profitable market/economy for Company A to launch their energy drink.

Law Case Study Question Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Question Analysis - Case Study Example The English contract law provides that the advertiser of good or products for sale through a newspaper is under duty to scrutinize the offers that have been tendered by the interested parties, if such offers are made before the expiry of the deadline that has been set by the advertisement, and without any variation in the offers . In this respect, Arthur is under duty to scrutinize the letter of offer that was submitted by Rodney, failure to which he is liable for having breached the terms of the contract. This is because, after reading the advertisement on the newspaper, Rodney sent the necessary letter of offer and the required amount, and they were received by Arthur at 9:50 am Monday as required by the advertisement. Arthur cannot sell the car to Thelma and he is not under any legal obligation to fulfill the contract with her. This is because, when Thelma saw the advertisement, she tendered a counter offer by submitting a cheque of cheque for  £7,250, as opposed to the cheque f or  £7,500 that was required by the advertisement. This simply amounts to a counter offer under the English contract law, where an individual issues an offer that is different and that is varying the actual terms that were in the original contract notification . The English contract law provides that under the situation of a counter offer, the contract terms have been varied, and thus the individual asking for the offers from the interested parties cannot be legally bound to accept that offer.

Machivelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Machivelli - Essay Example In order to back up my ideal about the working schema of the essay by Machiavelli, there are some of the aspects that are being discussed here from the context of the essay (HistoryMuse.net). Machiavelli have noted that one should never intrude in one’s property because that may threaten the social security of an individual which may put him under the impression that he or she needs to be a rebel which affects the social environment. Those who appear greedy will always get a similar treatment in a society (YouSendit.com). The first issue that is taken under debate regarding the text is that Machiavelli has shown a rather greedy side of a prince where he would be concerned about each and every aspect of the materials that may enforce him with power. I believe that this is not just a fake statement by the author because it is true in all dimensions. The monarchs or the government head always try to get more power if they have access to. If the material that provides power belongs to one person that the prince (representation of monarchs or the government) will be inclined towards that individual to gain power for authority. Another issue which is merely regarding the attribute of a prince being fearful or loved is that Machiavelli suggested in his text that government needs to be sure of the fact of being loved or feared by its people. Some governments would like to be feared while other would be loved. As per the suggestion of Machiavelli, one should be able to feared and then loved. This is agreeable as the government needs to empower the people when they are given the right way. The cruelty has also been considered as an aspect of argument. It is in the manner as stated by the author; Clement should be the way of governing rather than being cruel. The author has justified this stance in the form of governments in the previous times which went unsuccessful to provide

Webster family case study

Webster family case study The Case Study: The Webster Family, A Family In Crisis? This assignment requires me to outline what model of assessment I will use when working with the Webster family. I will also give a description on how the family was referred to social services for a Section 47 (S47) investigation. There will be a strategy meeting and the details of this meeting will be outlined along with instructions given. There will be a case conference held to discuss whether the children are at risk of significant harm or the likelihood of significant harm. There will be a clear recommendation as to whether I will register these children on the child protection register, justifying my decision. Whilst working with the Webster family I will explain what legislation I used, my research into the theories involved and also I will provide details of any anti-oppressive practice and any anti-discriminatory practice whilst working with this family. Ms Webster and Mr Webster have lived together for twelve years. They have three children, Faith and Hope who are twins and are aged ten and Charity who is seven years old. Charity has Cerebral palsy, is doubly incontinent and is a wheelchair user. Mrs Webster is a teacher and Mr Webster was a probation officer who up until twelve months ago worked full time. Following an accident a work he has taken early retirement on health grounds and is now employed full time as a househusband looking after the children.   The family are not known to social services or any other welfare agencies. There have been many tensions building up within the family home since his accident and after a violent row Mr Webster left the family home. After speaking to the headmaster it appeared there had been an incident of domestic violence in front of the children and staff. Previous to this incident, the day before Charities class teacher had had reported to Mr Perry that over the last two weeks Charities appearance had deteriorated, her clothes were unclean and her nappies were soiled and Charity smelled of urine. Charity had also began being aggressive to her friends and to the staff. A staff member had also discovered pressure sores on Charity. When Charities teacher telephoned Ms Webster to tell of their concerns, Ms Webster was frosty in response. After the incident outside the school Mr Webster explained that Ms Webster had attacked him on two other occasions and these incidents again where witness by the children. On both occasions the police were called, however Mr Webster was concerned about social services and did not press charges. After the incident, later that afternoon The Education Welfare Officer (EWO) Ms Murray, went to visit Ms Webster at home but was refused entry. Ms Webster was verbally abusive. Ms Murray then tried to speak to Charity but she refused to talk to her. Ms Murray then went to visit Mr Webster where the twins were staying. The twins seemed fine but a little subdued. Mr Webster stated that he would be looking after the twins and he would like custody of all three children. Following the visit a strategy meeting was formed. A strategy discussion will take place if there is reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering or is likely to suffer significant harm. This will involve The Local Authority Social Care, the Police and other bodies as appropriate for example, a headmaster or a teacher (Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2006).   Present in the meeting was myself (duty care social worker), Ms Gold (my team manager), WPC Bond (family protection unit), Mr Perry (headmaster) and Ms Murray (EWO). A strategy discussion is to share information regarding the situation at hand and another aspect is to plan how the S47 enquiry, if there is to be one, should be carried out. We can also agree action is required immediately to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child. The Domestic Violence Unit reported they did not refer these incidents to Social Services as they did not see the children to be at any risk, however Working Together states t hat children may suffer directly and indirectly if they live in households where there is domestic violence and domestic violence is likely to have a damaging effect on the health and development of children. It is often appropriate for such children to be regarded as children in need S17. Mckie (2005) makes some interesting observations on the terms perpetrator and victim in an analysis of domestic violence. The policies and practices connected with domestic violence become gendered in so far as women are conceptualized as those who should act. Mckie (2005). Working Together also says that children who witness domestic violence have been shown to be at risk from behavioural, emotional, physical, cognitive functioning, attitude and long term developmental problems. We do know that Charity has become aggressive and abusive. After the strategy meeting and because of the concerns regarding Charity, It was agreed after a discussion with my team manager that I would visit Ms Webster to discuss the referral from school. From this I would then make an assessment as to whether the child/children are at risk of significant harm or the likelihood of significant harm. The overall decision was that a S47 enquiry should proceed with immediate effect. Some children are in need because they are suffering or likely to suffer significant harm. Concerns about maltreatment may be a reason for a referral of a family to social services. In such circumstances, the Local Authority is obliged to consider initiating enquiries to find out what is happening to a child and whether action should be taken to protect a child. This is set out in Part V S47 of The Children Act 1989 (Protection of Children). The Framework for the Assessment of Children In Need and Their Families (2000), section 1.28 states that the LA has a duty to respond to children in need to provide services to minimise the effects of disabilities, this applies to Charity. We also have to take steps to prevent neglect or ill treatment. There does appear to be in this, in relation to Charitys case. Section 17 of the Childrens Act says that services may be provided to assist a child in need. This would refer to Ms Webster if she is agreeable because the needs of parent carers are an integral part of an assessment because providing these services which meets the needs of the parents is often the most effective means of promoting the welfare of children, particularly disabled children. My role now is to recommend which route we proceed down. When I went to visit Ms Webster, She was hostile towards me. Ms Webster said she had never been violent to her husband before and denied the incident outside school. Ms Webster claimed she had no problems looking after her children but showed a negative attitude towards Charity. She spoke about Charity as if she was not there and referred to Charity as she instead of by her name. Ms Webster said Charity was hard work and was always soiling her nappies, shouting and crying. Ms Webster seemed angry as she was explaining this. Whilst we were talking, Charity did not say anything but looked as if she wanted to cry. Charitys appearance was unclean and she smelled of urine. Ms Webster was clearly upset about her husbands sexuality, more than for the safety of her children. When entering Charitys bedroom which Ms Webster had reluctantly agreed to, I found bed clothes stained with urine and stools. The en-suite and bath were both unclean. The rest of the home however was clean and tidy. I sp oke to Ms Webster about my concerns and told her that she would be entitled to help if she would accept it. This empowered Ms Webster and allowed her to feel there was help if she wanted it and she was not alone. Ms Webster did say that she thought Charity may have been affected by witnessing the recent arguments and she would make sure Charity was not further stressed that day. It was discussed that Charity had pressure sores; from this Ms Webster became frosty. Reluctantly she agreed to take Charity to see her doctor and I arranged to visit the next day. The following day on the 20th January 2008 I visited Ms Webster, but there was no answer. When I tried to telephone her there was still no answer. As a result from this, there were concerns regarding the domestic violence and the condition of Charity and it was decided that a Child Protection Case Conference was to go ahead. I will explain this model of assessment I used in this case before I go on to the case conference. The model of assessment used is The Framework for The Assessment of Children In Need and Their Families (DOH 2000) more commonly known as the assessment framework. The assessment framework will be integrated into the revised Working Together to Safeguard Children. A key principle of this framework is that it is child-centred; this means that the child is seen and kept in focus throughout the assessment. The child or children are my main priority as a child social worker. It is also rooted in child development which includes recognition of the significance of timing in a childs life. Calder, M and Hackett, S (2003). This particular assessment model is dynamic, fluid and continuous, this helps the intervention because as changes occur in a persons life, it can adapt to the changes and my care plan can also be adaptable. A criticism of this model is the timescales can force social workers towards a procedural model whereas the Exchange Model offers an empowering dialogue with parents. Smale et al (2000) identify a weakness in this model in that this approach may not work if the service user is not engaging in the process or are unable to articulate themselves.  Ã‚   It also denies that workers have a professional responsibility and can be time consuming, which may create difficulties given the time constraints of The Assessment Framework.   It also overlooks the need to adopt a procedural approach given the various questionnaires/scales utilised. Changes have appeared to have happened over the last two weeks for Ms Webster and her family. Domestic violence, with both parties blaming each other and the deteriation of Charitys appearance and her temper towards others. This leads me onto another concept of my assessment, which is parenting capacity. This is done using the assessment triangle, which includes child developmental needs, family and environmental factors. The DOH dimensions of parenting capacity has six core dimensions of parenting capacity, three of these provisions suggest that Charity is not receiving emotional warmth, Charitys needs for secure, stable and an affectionate relationship, appropriate physical contact to provide comfort and warmth and stability of attachments and basic care to provide food, drink, warmth, appropriate clothing and personal hygiene. Ms Websters capacity concerns me because of her response to Charity and her circumstances involving her cleanliness and her appearance, the way she speaks about Charity, whilst Charity can hear her mother, and her reaction to use support and accept help and the relationship between Ms Webster and Charity. Childrens chances of receiving optimal outcomes will depend on their parents capacities to respond appropriately to their needs at different stages of their lives Calder, M and Hacket, S, (2003). Some of the above factors are included in the integrated model for assessing parenting capacity. The parenting style I would suggest of Ms Webster is neglectful parenting as she is neither responsive nor demanding of Charity. Ms Webster lacks the monitoring and the supervision duties surrounding Charity at the moment. Neglect is the persistent failure to meet a childs basic physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of the childs health or development. Working Together To Safeguard Children (1999). From my assessment I would put forward in my opinion and recommend that Charity to be put on the child protection register S47 but not her two twin sisters, but would offer support under S17. This is because of the declining condition of Charitys physical condition and appearance, due to her persistent soiled nappies, the urine smell on Charity, her dirty clothes, her pressure sores and her aggressive nature toward others. Charity has suffered some the physical neglect of because of the delay of being taken to a doctor by her mother. Charity also suffered abuse due to witnessing the domestic violence and therefore there is a h3 possibility of emotional abuse. Research shows that prolonged and/or regular exposure to domestic violence can have a serious impact on the child and/or childrens development and emotional wellbeing and can lead to serious anxiety and distress and in some cases the repetition of violent behaviour. Department of Health (2006). All these factors could lead to significant harm. These are the categories for registration. The twins will not be registered as they are not in any immediate danger as they are both cared for by their father and his partner at the moment, a police check has been carried out and neither is known, the EWO has no concerns regarding the twins. However this situation needs to be monitored and regularly reviewed to safeguard the children as this situation may change. My reasons for recommending registration are the three incidents of domestic violence over the last three months, one known to have been witnesses by the children. Ms Websters reaction outside school when she was verbally abusive, erratic and aggressive. There are neglect issues. We also need to take account of Charities additional needs. A definition of disability is children and their families whose main need for services arises out of the childrens disabilities or intrinsic condition (DOH 2000). This applies to Charity as she falls within the category and she has a medically diagnosed condition, which is Cerebral Palsy. Both parents are blaming each other for the domestic violence issues. There are concerns by school staff regarding Charitys decline in appearance and her aggression. There is also the issue of family attachments which I noted earlier in parenting capacity. After making a recommendation to register Charity an Initial Child Protection Case Conference was set for 28th January 2008. Ms Webster was informed of the decision by telephone and I arranged with her to visit and give her a copy of the notes before the meeting, this will empower Ms Webster and give her some idea of what will happen. I will also keep the family fully informed throughout, invite parents to meetings and explain procedures in an open and honest way. But I will ensure the parents are fully aware of my concerns regarding the risks towards Charity. The function of a case conference is to bring together the child (where appropriate), family members and those professionals most involved with the child and family, following a S47 enquiry. One purpose of this is to decide what future action is required to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child and how action will be taken and what the intended outcomes are. The core group members are I, Ms Webster, Mr Webster, Ms Gold (team manager), WPC Bond (family protection unit), Mr Perry (head teacher) and Ms Murray (EWO). All the above people involved will all play a part in monitoring and safeguarding the surrounding concerns for Charity. During the case conference I will be looking at recommending the following care plan: Behavioural support, some schools have these implemented by way of school mentor, this could help Charity with her aggression.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anger management counselling for Ms Webster due to the domestic violence issues. Family Resource Centre for Ms Webster and Charity, this could help them both have contact with other families experiencing similar issues. Counselling for mum due to loss and separation and the children. Counselling for Charity to give her a chance to talk to someone about her experiences and how she feels. Charity spending quality time with her father and sisters. With the care plan identified, this can only go ahead if Ms Webster will give her consent as she has parental responsibility. The legislation I have used is Childrens Act 1989/2004 with S47-Duty to asses risk and S17-Duty to assess need. I have also used Working Together to Safeguard Children, this sets out clear guidelines for multi-agency working to protect children from abuse and neglect, this was needed in relation to Charity. I will now move on to theories and research. Neglect can have major long term effects on all aspects of a childs health, development and well-being. Maltreatment is likely to have a deeper on the childs self image and self esteem. Difficulties may lead on into adulthood and the experience of long term abuse could lead to difficulties in forming or maintaining close relationships, one of the skills needed to be an effective parent (DOH 2000). DOH 2000 also says that the child could have feelings of isolation and the feeling of being unloved. Stress could affect the parents capacity to respond to their childs needs. This relates to this case as Ms Webster is very stresses since her husband left her for another man. In relation to physical abuse and Charity witnessing this, this could be the reason as to why Charity is showing aggression towards people. Physical abuse has been linked to aggressive behaviour in children, emotional and behavioural problems (Working Together). Further research that relates to the case is the Attachment Theory because of Charitys relationship with her mum and vice versa. Bowlby believed that the primary caregiver is the mother. He said that children deprived of maternal care would nearly always be affected in some way. Bowlby (1953). However Ainsworth identified three types of attachment, securely attached, insecurely attached (avoidant) and securely attached (ambivalent). As its core, attachment theory is about the way that childhood needs are met and the long term effects of needs being met or otherwise. Ainsworth (1970). In my opinion I would say Charity is negatively attached. A criticism of Bowlby is that he says that the mother has to be the primary caregiver; this is open to much subjection. Children can have attachment figures other than them receiving it from their mother. In some cultures the childcare is shared, not only by mothers but by fathers, grandparents, aunts, uncles and friends Beckett, C, (2002). Anothe r criticism is that it is sexist, it tends to lead to maternal deprivation rather than paternal deprivation, it excuses absent fathers from any imitation of parenting skills. It ignores gender bias and how family make ups can change. This is significant in this case as Mr Webster left the family home. Theory on domestic violence is gendered natured in that, it ignores the facts that female to male violence is increasing. This is significant in this case because Mr Webster had suffered domestic violence issues with his wife. Charity also witnessed domestic violence. Helping victims and children to get protection from violence, by providing relevant practical and other assistance is one of the considerations to include when involved in a child protection case (Working Together pg 2004). There are contradictions within the legislative framework. The Children Act 1989 contravenes the Human Rights Act because S8 of the Human Rights act states that in absolute certainty children should not be removed from their family and the Children Act defines harm but not significant harm. The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families is not without contradiction. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation 1999, points out that it would be helpful to strengthen the assessment framework by stating that the responsibility of the local authority is not only to promote and safeguard the welfare of the child but also the rights of the child. Throughout my work I will continue to reflect on my practice and how my own values and assumptions may unconsciously affect my decisions.

Stirrups :: Essays Papers

Stirrups The American Heritage Dictionary (3rd edition) defines a stirrup as "a loop or ring hung from either side of a horse's saddle to support the rider's foot" (The American Heritage Dictionary 799). Stirrups were invented by the Chinese in the year 477 A.D., and by the early Middle Ages the countries of Japan, India and Korea seem to have adopted its use. Stirrups became known in Persia, Byzantium and France in the 7th or early 8th century A.D.. Before stirrups were invented, riders had to use "a wooden stool or [they leaped] directly on to the horse's back" (Gans 1). Stirrups provided riders with much greater stability while on horseback especially during battles with lances and swords. A number of historians believed that the invention of the stirrups created the rise of feudalism. This belief caused what is called the great stirrup controversy still going on up to the present day. There has been several theories proposed pertaining to this controversy. For example, Heinrich Brunner in 1887 said that "feudalism was a wide effect of the development of mounted shock warfare by the Franks" (Gans 1). Brunner's stance of the controversy is that he believes that the rise of feudalism was not caused by the introduction of the stirrup but was caused by the Frankish army's envy of the fighting ability of the Moslem cavalry. As a result, the Frankish army became primarily a cavalry army. Before that time, the Frankish army used to fight on foot using a long handled ax called a francisca. Heinrich Brunner proposes that the Frankish army transformed itself from an infantry force to a mounted cavalry between 732 A.D. to 891 A.D. in an article he published called "Kni ghts' Service and the Origins of Feudalism" (Gans 1). The American Heritage Dictionary (3rd edition) defines cavalry as "troops trained to fight on horseback or in light armored vehicles" and feudalism as "a political and economic system of medieval Europe by which a landowner granted land to a vassal in exchange for homage and military service" (The American Heritage Dictionary 141, 312). Lynn White Jr. in 1962 said that both feudalism and cavalry was caused by the introduction of the stirrup. White agrees with Brunner's argument that "it was true that feudalism arose out of military necessity but that Brunner's details were wrong" (Gans 1).

Network Based Intrusion Prevention System (Nips)

Network Based Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) Definition: An intrusion prevention system sit in-line on the network and monitors the traffic, and when a suspicious event occurs it takes action based on certain prescribed rules. An IPS is an active and real time device, unlike an Intrusion detection system which is not inline and they are passive devices. Intrusion prevention systems are considered to be the evolution of intrusion detection system. Alternately, an Intrusion prevention system is usually a hardware device that is connected to the network.It function is to monitor the network for nay unwanted behavior and to prevent such behavior. A Network based Intrusion prevention system (NIPS) is used to monitor the network as well as protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of a network. Its main functions include protecting the network from Threats such as Denial OF Service and unauthorized usage. Explanation: Network based intrusion Prevention system monitors the network for malicious activity or suspicious traffic by analyzing the protocol activity. NIPS once installed in a network it is used to create Physical security zones.This in essence makes the network intelligent and it and quickly discerns good traffic from bad traffic. In other words the NIPS becomes like a prison for hostile traffic such as Trojans, worms viruses and polymorphic threats. NIPS are manufactured using high speed Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS) and network processors. A Network processor is different when compared to a micro processor. Network processors are used for high speed network traffic, since they are designed to execute tens of thousands of instructions and comparisons in parallel unlike a microprocessor which executes an instruction at a time.NIPS are considered to be extensions of the present Firewall technologies. Firewalls inspect only the first four layers of the OSI model of any packet of information flow. However, NIPS inspects all s even layers of the OSI model making it extremely difficult to hide anything in the last four layers of a packet. Majority of the network based Intrusion prevention Systems utilize one of the three detection methods they are as follows: †¢Signature based detection: Signatures are attack patterns which are predetermined and also preconfigured.This kind of detection method monitors the network traffic and compares with the preconfigured signatures so as to find a match. On successfully locating a match the NIPS take the next appropriate action. This type of detection fails to identify zero day error threats. However, it has proved to be very good against single packet attacks. †¢Anomaly based detection: This method of detection creates a baseline on average network conditions. Once a baseline has been created, the system intermittently samples network traffic on the basis of statistical analyses and compares the sample to the created baseline.If the activity is found to be ou tside the baseline parameters, the NIPS takes the necessary action. †¢Protocol State Analysis Detection: This type of detection method identifies deviations of protocol states by comparing observed events with predefined profiles. Comparison OF NIPS and HIPS: Network Based intrusion prevention System: †¢Monitors and analyzes all the network activities. †¢Easier to setup, understand and implement. †¢It proves to be better in detecting and preventing attacks or suspicious activities from the outside. †¢Less expensive. Near real-time response. Host based intrusion Prevention System: †¢Narrow in scope, watches only certain host activities. †¢Much more complex setup and understanding when compared to NIPS. †¢Better in detecting and preventing attacks from the inside. †¢More expensive than NIPS. Comparison OF NIPS and NIDS: Network Based Intrusion Prevention System: †¢Acts as a network gateway. †¢Stops and checks suspicious packets. à ¢â‚¬ ¢Prevents successful intrusions. †¢False positives are very bad. Network Based Intrusion Detection System: †¢Unlike NIPS, it only observes network traffic. NIDS logs suspicious activities and generates alerts. †¢Cannot stop an intruder, unlike NIPS. †¢False positives are not as big an issue when compared to network based intrusion prevention system. Summary: A Network based intrusion prevention system must meet the very basics necessities of networking. They are as follows: †¢Low latency: Less than 3ms, regardless of frame size, traffic mix, line rate or attack filter count. †¢Large session counts: Around 50,000 to 1,00,000 simultaneous sessions. †¢Multi-Gigabit Speeds: To support backbone traffic and protect against internal attack. High availability: Must automatically become a transparent switch should any internal element collapse. †¢Precision: Should neither block nor drop good traffic. Sources: http://www. cisco. com/web/about/cisco itatwork/security/csirt_network-based_intrusion_prevention_system. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Intrusion_prevention_system http://www. foursquareinnovations. co. uk/software_development_and_ebusiness_articles/intrusion_prevention_systems_5. html http://www. infosecwriters. com/text_resources/pdf/JCooper_NIPS. pdf

Should I Apply Early Decision Expert Guide

Should I Apply Early Decision Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you just want to be done with the application process and know where you're going to college? Do you have your heart set on one college, and you want to give yourself the best chance at getting in? If you answered yes to these questions, early decision may be a good option for you. In this article, I'll explain what it means to apply for early decision and explain everything you need to consider to answer the often stressful question, "should I apply early decision?" What Is Early Decision? Early decision is an early application policy used by a number of different colleges. If you apply to a college under early decision, you’ll usually apply earlier than the regular admission deadline and find out earlier if you’ve been accepted. For most colleges with early decision, the ED deadline is November 1, and you’ll be notified by mid-December, whereas you’d be notified in late March or early April under regular decision. Under early decision, you can be accepted, rejected, or deferred to the regular applicant pool. Unlike early action, if you apply and get accepted under early decision, you’re making a binding agreement to attend that school. You can only apply to one school under early decision, and if you get accepted, you have to withdraw your applications to any other colleges. If you break the agreement to attend, you won't have legal action taken against you, but it's likely that the other colleges you apply to will be notified that you broke your agreement, and your acceptances may be rescinded. Your high school will also be contacted, and future applicants from your school may be penalized. Generally, the only acceptable reason to turn down an early decision offer is if you don't get enough financial aid. There are a few colleges that offer two early decision application deadlines, known as Early Decision I and Early Decision II. Early Decision I has a typical early decision application deadline in November, and the application deadline under Early Decision II is in January. If you apply under Early Decision II, you’ll probably hear back in February. Some schools that offer early decision include Duke, Cornell, Brown, Northwestern, and Amherst. Colleges that offer Early Decision I and II include Pomona, Vanderbilt, Tufts, Syracuse, and Emory. Pete Jelliffe/Flickr The Benefits of Applying Early Decision One of the biggest potential benefits of early decision is being done with the college application and selection process as soon as possible. Applying to colleges, waiting to hear back about admissions decisions, and deciding which college to attend can cause tremendous stress for many students and their parents. If you apply early decision, you can know where you’re going to college before most of your peers are even done completing their applications. For the rest of your senior year, you can focus on school, your extracurriculars, and having fun. Also, you can potentially save time and money by not having to apply to more colleges. You should still prepare to apply to more colleges in the event you're not accepted or if you're considering applying to schools that have a regular application deadline before you're notified of admissions decisions under early decision. Additionally, for many colleges, you may increase your chances of gaining admission if you apply under early decision. Most colleges that offer early decision have a significantly higher acceptance rate for early decision applicants. In 2015, Brown admitted 20.6% of its early decision applicants and only 7.5% of its regular decision applicants. Cornell accepted 39% of its early decision applicants and 16.1% of its regular applicants. While early decision applicants tend to be more qualified, that doesn’t account for the entire difference in acceptance rates. Colleges like to admit a large percentage of their incoming classes via early decision to have more control over the composition of their freshman classes, and early decision admits increase a school’s yield, the percentage of admitted students who choose to attend. A better yield improves a school's image and ranking. The Disadvantages of Applying Early Decision The biggest disadvantage of applying early decision is that you have to commit to attending a college before you may be ready to make that commitment. Typically, students are still researching colleges in the fall of their senior year, and many of the students with whom I’ve worked have changed their college preferences multiple times before eventually deciding in the spring. Even if you think you know where you want to go to college before the application process begins, if you apply early decision, you may not give yourself the opportunity to change your mind. Another substantial disadvantage of early decision is that it doesn’t allow you to compare financial aid packages and factor them into your college decision. For students who rely on financial aid to attend college, this can be a significant disadvantage. Even though you can get a general estimate of how much a school will cost you before you apply, you won’t get your official financial aid offer until after you’re offered admission. However, colleges will let you out of your commitment to attend if they can’t meet your financial need. By that point, though, regular application deadlines may have passed or you may not have adequately researched your other college options. Finally, if you apply early at the end of November, you may have to apply before you’re able to sufficiently improve your test scores or GPA. If you apply early decision, colleges will review your standardized test scores and transcript before the end of the first semester of your senior year. Many students are able to strengthen their applications by raising their standardized test scores in December or getting exceptional first semester senior year grades. When Should IApply Early Decision? 3 Key Factors Early decision can be a good option for you, but only under the following circumstances: You’ve done thorough college research and you’re certain about your number one choice. You can use college finders, search websites, guidebooks, ranking lists, and visits to learn more about your college options and solidify your choice. You should have done ample research and be confident in your choice by the start of your senior year. You're satisfied with your grades and test scores. If you’re applying early decision, you should have a good SAT or ACT score. It may be to your advantage to wait to apply if you need to improve your standardized test scores or if you have subpar grades for your dream school and would like to show you’re capable of getting better grades. However, if you’re in this situation, you can still apply under Early Decision II, if that’s an option at your #1 choice. You’re confident that the school you’re applying to can meet your financial need. Because you won’t be able to compare financial aid packages if you’re accepted under early decision, you should feel secure that the school you’re applying to will offer you the financial aid you need to attend. You can contact the admissions or financial aid office to ease your concerns, and you can use a site like College Scorecard to get a solid estimate of how much you’ll have to pay. How Do You Apply Early Decision? If you've decided that you're definitely going to apply to a college via early decision, you may be wondering exactly how to do it. Is there a special application to fill out? What should you do about researching and applying to other colleges? The process for applying for early decision is relatively straightforward. You'll submit the same application, but you'll indicate on your application that you're applying for early decision. Before you apply, I recommend having a list of other schools to apply to. While you're waiting to hear back from the school, you should work on your other applications and submit any applications that have a deadline before you're notified about the status of your early decision application. If you're accepted under early decision, you'll withdraw any applications you submitted. If you're rejected or deferred, you can complete any applications that you haven't finished, and when you hear back from schools in the spring, you'll weigh your options and choose a college. What's Next? Is your goal to get into one of the most selective colleges? Learn how from a Harvard graduate. Are you working on making your list of colleges to apply to? Find out about reach schools, target schools, safety schools, and how many schools you should apply to. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: