Thursday, May 21, 2020
Malcolm X Rights of African Americans - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 813 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Malcolm X Essay Did you like this example? African Americans have come a long way for freedom and civil rights. Because of this, movements have taken place peacefully throughout history to obtain these opportunities. Prominent figures in society have fought for minorities to be free, represented, and understood. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Malcolm X: Rights of African Americans" essay for you Create order Although these privileges are now apparent in the world, for most, they are still presented with trials and tribulations that ultimately prohibit them from prospering in the same way as their counterparts. Malcolm X, an African American activist, and minister helped shaped the Civil Rights era by continuing his education to become an advocate for black rights, introducing his philosophies to allow others to understand their significance in society, and by influencing others to continue championing for civil rights. Malcolm X furthered his education and in doing so was motivated to push for African Americans rights. He graduated from junior high school at the top of his class, only to lose interest after a favorite teacher told him that his dream of becoming a lawyer was, no realistic goal for a negro (Malcolm X: The Ballot or the Bullet par 1). Malcolm X was a stellar student that was shattered after his teachers harsh words. X willingly listened to this negativity and gave up. As a result, he summoned up vengeance and got into trouble. In 1946, while imprisoned for robbery, Malcolm X converted to the Black Muslim faith and, within years of his release, rose up the ranks as a minister in the Nation of Islam (Malcolm X: The Ballot or the Bullet par 2). After realizing his mistake, X turned his life around and became a minister and to preach the values of freedoms to his people for representation. This allowed him to prosper and teach Black Americans their standing in life along with their purpos e. Malcolm Xs philosophies allowed African Americans to understand their importance in the world. Malcolm Xs charisma and intelligence allowed people to take interest in him as he advocated for black rights. Because of this, X uncovered the true accounts of what African Americans faced in a racially conscious world. Malcolm X wanted African Americans to prevail and often urged those to seek courage like himself and voice their opinions. He espoused the primacy of racial dignity and encouraged the black man to elevate his own society instead of trying to force himself into the unwanted presence of the white society (Malcolm X 1925-1965 par 12). X preached for the black man to venture outside of the white mans world and way of thinking to achieve growth and gain independence to create a world symbolic and worthy of their own culture. Because of this, Black Americans were given the motivation to overcome their daily struggles by furthering their education, building their own businesses to become independent from their counterparts. Malcolm Xs legacy influenced others to continue their favoring for black rights even after his assassination. Malcolms immediate legacy was in the burgeoning black power movement in which he directly influenced the political development of Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale (Cuthbert-Kerr par 5). With an inspiration from X, both Newton. By influencing various organizations to movies and music, the legacy Malcolm X left behind was embraced fully. Individuals continue to bring awareness to black lives and their matters by standing firmly to help overcome living in a society full of pressures to build a foundation of positivity. Today, Malcolm X continues his prominent legacy as a courageous figure in history that fought peacefully for black rights throughout the fifties and sixties. With these challenges being hard to fathom during the civil rights movement, X stood by his people and promoted peaceful protests to boycott the harsh treatments experienced by those around them. Although Malcolm X was known to be controversial by speaking out for African Americans, there is no denying that he impacted black culture through his teachings, his enamored ways of identifying equality and by standing up for what was right even though many did not agree. Without Malcolm Xs contributions in the world, the beauty of being black would not be as significant and symbolic as it is today. Works Cited Cuthbert-Kerr, Simon. Malcolm X. Encyclopedia of American Studies, edited by Simon Bronner, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1st edition, 2016. Credo Reference, https://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/jhueas/malcolm_x/0?institutionId=8703. Accessed 10 Mar 2018. Malcolm X (19251965). The 100 Greatest Americans of the 20th Century: A Social Justice Hall of Fame, Peter Dreier, Nation Books, 1st edition, 2012. Credo Reference, https://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/persgreatest/malcolm_x_1925_1965/0?institutionId=8703. Accessed 10 Mar 2018. Malcolm X: The Ballot or the Bullet, April 3, 1964. Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches, edited by Josh. Gottheimer, et al., Perseus, 1st edition, 2003. Credo Reference, https://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/pershope/malcolm_x_the_ballot_or_the_bullet_april_3_1964/0?institutionId=8703.
Monday, May 18, 2020
Aging in Todays World Essay - 639 Words
When you think of the term senior citizen what comes to mind? Do the words disabled and old come to mind, or do you visualize wisdom and patience? The word old is looked upon in todays society as a â€Å"dirty†word. Yet we will all be old someday. Ageism-the discrimination according to a persons age is a known stereotype just as racial, or religious discrimination. We must end this way of thinking soon or else our elders will feel unwelcome in their jobs and in their communities. Age discrimination in the Employment Act has not been enough to restrict ageism. Like all stereotypes age discrimination views older people as sickly and unskillful. Companies criteria for hiring, firing, and salary decisions are still based on age even after†¦show more content†¦This volunteer work doesnt involve baking cookies or answering phones nowadays their doing important and distinguished tasks which help to enrich the quality of our country. This elderly minority is making a significant contribution to our population. The divorce rate in todays society calls for a more dependable family than in the past. Many families depend on two stable incomes but this is not made available to all. So in many cases grandparents and elderly people are looked upon for help. Grandparents are picking up the loose ends of their families. As of March 9, 1997, it was estimated that grandparents were raising 3.4 million children and 6 million families were dependent on them for prime child care. Senior citizens and elderly persons do have jobs whether in a store, a company, or helping their families when they are needed. What about the physically challenged? These less-active people are able to offer a different type of contribution. They are able to contribute wisdom and love to members of the younger generation. Another way of contributing is through mentoring programs and guidance for children. In a society which many young people feel lost, it would be a shame to overlook such contributions. Discrimination on the basis of age goesShow MoreRelatedSlowing the Biological Clock Essays1068 Words  | 5 Pagesare several contributing factors to speeding up the aging process such as, stress, vitamin and mineral deficiency, or excessive food intakes. Reducing and or limiting these factors can play a major role in how the body continues to age. As an individual age his or her body is more susceptible to natural ways of slowing the biological clock rather than non-natural ways of change. The aging process is something that is inevitable, but people of today’s time tend to make an effort to slow it down as muchRead MoreA Silver Fox868 Words  | 4 Pagessocietal ignorance. Virility, affluence, and power, are components of the formula that represents Hollywood’s longstanding depiction of a silver fox. Feeding into such stereotypes portrayed by older males in the industry paints unrealistic images of the aging process into the minds of the consumers, ultimately misconstruing one’s expectations of the future. However, consciously making an effort to appreciate every moment and memory formed over the course of one’s life can deter a common fear shared amongstRead MoreShould Children Take Care of Their Aging Parents1016 Words  | 4 PagesShould Children Take Care of Their Aging Parents Why some people send their aging parents to a nursing home? The answer is that some people do not want to take care of their elderly parents and some people think nursing home care gives the elderly a better care. Most people believe that taking care of aging parents is their children’s responsibility. In different countries of the world, people live according to their own cultural values. They have the right to express their own opinion .Some peopleRead More munipulation in the media Essay838 Words  | 4 Pagesthe allusion; one could look like this if this product is used. These types of strategies are used by companies continuously, manipulating the world into believing they can change themselves just by buying their product. Advertisements with reference to outward appearances commonly focus on three different aspects of societies concerns; stopping signs of aging or reversing it, losing weight or getting into shape, and wearing certain clothes, in turn, allowing a pers on to fit into societies superficialRead MoreFor the most part, I have to agree with the critical theorists: learning barriers do exist. In1400 Words  | 6 Pagesof July television show, President Obama made an appearance and spoke about the American Dream. In addition, he presented a number of immigrants who had just received their American citizenship to testify that the dream is still alive and well in today’s society. The continued belief in this â€Å"truth†distracts people from the reality of their situation as they continue to struggle in their pursuit of the dream. Although the younger generation has grown up in a digital environment, many olderRead MoreOverview of Dr Perricones Holistic Approach to Skincare637 Words  | 3 PagesIn todays world, there is a large amount of emphasis on physical beauty, youth, and how to stay younger for longer. Although many have condemned this as a particularly shallow approach to life, there is also an underlying concern for physical health, which is at the bottom of longevity and a concomitant better-looking physique. Indeed, the longer a person can maintain a healthy lifestyle and a focus on self-care, the longer he or she tends to maintain a relatively youthful or at least healthy demeanorRead MoreLiteracy Skills And Development Of Literacy Training Programs907 Words  | 4 PagesHealth Literacy Many individuals in the United States are struggling with reading, writing, and comprehension. This is not only necessary for daily life in today’s world, but imperative on the healthcare front. â€Å"Health literacy continues to be a major problem despite public and private efforts at all levels to address the issue through testing of literacy skills and development of literacy training programs†(Bastable, 2014, p. 256). â€Å"By focusing on health literacy issues and working togetherRead MoreThe Importance Of Anti Skin Care Products1105 Words  | 5 Pagesanti aging skin care. Developments within this category were influenced by such factors as competition among the major brands, introduction of new technologies and new ingredients, as well as worldwide increase in demand for the so-called rejuvenating cosmetics. People have no intentions of putting up with aging. Today they are turning to alternative therapies and anti aging products; however, they will not s pend money on products which do not produce the wished results. First anti aging skinRead MoreVision for the Future of Nursing1181 Words  | 5 Pagesnursing profession is already facing numerous challenges to deliver good quality and safe patient care. Therefore, there is a need for growth in remodeling the nursing profession to meet the high demand of an aging population with more complex needs. The nurses have to quickly adapt to a new world of technology that is complex and sophisticated. The nurse, as the primary health care provider, has the power to provide a consistent environment to the patient. In order to direct the nursing profession forwardRead MoreA Review of Sexuality and the Chronically Ill Older Adult: A Social Justice Issue1341 Words  | 6 PagesAdult: A Social Justice Issue†is published in the journal Sexuality and Disability and the authors are Verna C Pangman and Marilyn Seguire. The article provides an overview and outline on sexuality in the older adult with a chronic illness. In today’s world, accordi ng to Verna C Pangman and Marilyn Seguire, sexuality for the older adult and the elderly is a â€Å"taboo†word, and if mentioned, fear and apprehension by the older adult and society develops. The older adult, believe that when they are ill
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Bp s ( British Petroleum ) Oil Spill Crisis - 2060 Words
We decided to look closer at BP’s (British Petroleum) oil spill crisis in 2010. It is British multinational oil and Gas Company, their headquarter is based on London, England. According to PFC Energy, it is the fifth-largest company in the world measured by revenues in 2012, and the sixth-largest in oil and gas industry if measured by production in 2012. BP’s annual report states that as of December 2013, BP operates in approximately 80 countries. On April 20, 2010 the explosion and sinking of Deepwater Horizon oil rig happened, it was located in the Gulf of Mexico. The well was finally capped on July 15, 2010. By that time an â€Å"estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil had leaked into the Gulf†(ocean.si.edu). This awful tragedy killed 11 people. Unfortunately, this is not the only example of environmental harm. Companies in oil industry cause various environmental problems. According to LyndenEnergy.com, exploration, development and production operations of oil and natural gas are â€Å"subject to all the risks and hazards typically associated with such operations, including hazards such as fire, explosion, blowouts, cratering, sour gas releases and spills†. Each of these hazards could result in substantial damage to the environment. Oil business includes so many environmental risks that all its phases are subject to multiple regulations by federal, state and local laws. As stated at LyndenEnergy.com, â€Å"environmental legislation provides for, among other things, restrictions andShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum and Its Corporate Strategy1595 Words  | 7 PagesBritish Petroleum and its Corporate Strategy Introduction The organisation environment is always changing and therefore it is essential that a structured, detailed and continuous analysis of the principal dimensions of the environment is made. 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BP was started in 1901 by William Knox D’Arcy. Their mission is to operate oil and natural gas exploration, while marketing and distributing all over the globe. The primary issues the company faces are rebuilding their business after the tragic oil spill, their low oil prices and internal leadership promotions. Following the 2010 oil spill, all of BP’s top executives were fired, and the company has continuedRead MoreBp Oil Spillage : British Petroleum Company1690 Words  | 7 PagesThe BP Oil Spillage British Petroleum Company (BP) is among the major international gas and oil companies in the world. It provides clients with energy for light and heat, fuel for transportation, lubricants, and other petrochemical products that are used in manufacturing various items. The company’s primary goal is to deliver value to its customers by utilizing its distinctive capabilities, managing the quality of its portfolio, and setting clear goals. However, an unprecedented explosion of BPRead MoreThe British Petroleum And Bp Oil Spill Essay2006 Words  | 9 PagesThe British Petroleum (BP) Oil Spill occurred in April of 2010 and hurt many people, animals, businesses, and the economy of the many cities it impacted. It is recognized as the â€Å"worst oil spill†in the history of the United States, killing eleven people. The spill occurred due to a leak in a pipe that spilled oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The BP Oil well was not capped until 87 days later, by which 3.19 million bar rels of oil had already spilled into the the Gulf of Mexico. The BP Oil spill did notRead MoreBps Rebranding After The Us Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill 20101730 Words  | 7 PagesBP’s Rebranding After the US Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 2010 A brand is an organisation, product or service which has created an emotional connection with their consumers in order for them to favour their brand over their competitors. 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BP merged with Amoco and works with Transocean,and Halliburton, BP has been at fault for quite a few oil leaks, explosions, Safety Lapses, refinery explosions, and the list goes on, and they have just repeatedlyRead MoreBp : The Third Largest Energy Company Essay1547 Words  | 7 PagesBP, known as British Petroleum until it rebranded to Beyond Petroleum in 2000, is the third largest energy company in the world. BP has operations on six continents, located in over 80 countries, with its main headquarters located in London, UK. Its largest operating division is BP America, which is located in Houston, Texas. The Deepwater Horizon was a semi-submersible offshore drilling rig owned by Transocean. Built in 2001 in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries the rig was leased to BP fromRead More Beyond Petroleum ( Bp )1192 Words  | 5 PagesBeyond Petroleum (BP) formerly British Petroleum is a company that claims to be devoted to finding new energy sources with little impact on the environment. Ferrell, Fraderich, and Ferrell, explain in their Business Ethics textbook in 2012 that after several environmental tragedies in the mid-to late 2000’s, the company had to reassess their ethical standards and make changes to repair their image and regain the confidence of their stakeholders. During this time, they began investing in wind, solarRead MoreBp Evaluation of Leadership During and After Deepwater Horizon Drilling Incident1937 Words  | 8 PagesIII. Discuss and evaluate the leadership of change: a.) When it comes to BP and the changes that were made in the post-crisis era since the oil spill it is very important to reference their history of safety violations. The oil spill of project Deepwater Horizon was one largest examples of their previous lack of care and respect to safety and the earth. Previous to the spill they have been in trouble with the authorities for illegal dumping of waste products in northern Alaska as well as being
Midsummer Night s Dream And Disney s Aladdin - 937 Words
There s different genres of movies, plays, and stories. Horror, fantasy, tragedy, comedy, romance, mystery, etc. In these genres are different plots to each story, each ending differently. However the stories all follow the same set of elements depending on its genre. These elements separate the genres from each other, a happy ending doesn’t occur in a tragedy but is seen in comedy. Romance can end in a tragedy or with a happy ending. Modern or centuries old, each genre use these elements, whether the writers realize it. For example, comedy has plenty of elements that are used, although not all are applied but most are. Shakespeare s Midsummer Night s Dream and Disney s Aladdin are good examples of this. In Midsummer Night s Dream, the story starts with Theseus, duke of Athens, engaged to Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons. While preparing for their wedding, Theseus is confronted by Egeus, who brings criticism about his daughter Hermia, who refuses his wishes to marry Demetrius, for she is in love with Lysander. Egeus demands that either Hermia respects his wishes or be punished by the Athenian law. While Hermia is in love with Lysander and vice versa, Demetrius is in love with Hermia and ignores Helena, Hermia s childhood friend, unrequited love. While this is going on, in the forest where the fairies live there is also a situation. Oberon, the king of the fairies, wants Titania s, his beautiful wife and queen of the fairies, changeling as a knight. Titania refusesShow MoreRelatedAlan Menken s The Whole New World1554 Words  | 7 Pages Norman Menken, DDS, was a piano playing dentist (Biography Comments 1). His whole family loved Broadway musicals and they spent many nights together just listening to his father play piano, Alan once said, â€Å"I showed an interest in piano at a very young age, but I hated to practice, so when my parents left the room I d make up my own version of the piece. That s how I started composing†(The Whole New World of Alan Menken 1). Menken lived a very happy and prosperous childhood at home with his sisters
Philippine Literature Free Essays
A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre-Colonial Period –         Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; –         Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History amp; Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. amp; Lumbera C. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; –         Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; –   Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes;          Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); –         This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  ·Ã‚         Early Forms of Philippine Literature:   Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb);                o  Pre-colonial p oetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage);                    o  Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  ·Ã‚         Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period:                o    Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, Bantugan II. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) –         The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; –         Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†;          In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; –         Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically ins pired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; –         Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause;  The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; –         Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; –         The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  ·Ã‚        Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period:   Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week);                o  Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido;                o  Komedya – a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  ·Ã‚          Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o  Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press;           o  May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog;             o  Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P. Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,†was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino;             o  Ninay (1885) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno;             o  Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas†Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces hat may affirm the conclusion;             o  Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards;              o  La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) –         The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; –         The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; –         As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; –         During the American colonization period, Phi lippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; –         The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; –         One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; –         Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major hemes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; –    Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few –  during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.         Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period:                     o  Short Story o  Poetry in English                     o  Free Verse in Poetry                     o  Drama  ·Ã‚ Â Â Â Â Â à ‚  Notable Works of the American Period: o   Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism;                 o  Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem;                 o  Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html How to cite Philippine Literature, Papers Philippine Literature Free Essays Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work and can, in some circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliterature literally means â€Å"things made from letters†and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to signify â€Å"literature,†as in the figures of speech†arts and letters†and â€Å"man of letters. †Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsâ€â€fiction and non-fictionâ€â€and two major techniquesâ€â€poetry and prose. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such as polemical works as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well as belles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. The concept of genre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genre include romance, mystery, crime, fantasy, erotica, and adventure, among others. Important historical periods in English literature includeOld English, Middle English, the Renaissance, the 17th Century Shakespearean and Elizabethan times, the 18th Century Restoration, 19th Century Victorian, and 20th Century Modernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature include feminism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, post-modernism, romanticism, and Marxism. Literature’s three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks. This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms: prose, poetry, and drama. Prose Prose is derived from a Latin root word, prosa, that means â€Å"straightforward†(other scholars argue that the root for â€Å"prose†is proversa oratio, which means †straightforward discourse. †Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim of identity by negation, prose is frequently defined as â€Å"that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also contains plot and the attendant narrative structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has developed verse. Prosege nres are many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are: * novel – A lengthy fictional prose narrative. * novella – A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story – a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote – A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greek poetes which means â€Å"doer†or â€Å"creator,†is a catch-all term that is applied to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset of verse (and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its â€Å"imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. †Most culture’s first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod). The purposes of poetry are said to include: 1. A didactic purpose, meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique insight that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning â€Å"to do,†drama is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greek comedy is traced to ancient fertility rites. Tragedy (which comes from the Greek word How to cite Philippine Literature, Essay examples
Philippine Literature Free Essays
A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre-Colonial Period –         Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; –         Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History amp; Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. amp; Lumbera C. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; –         Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; –   Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes;          Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); –         This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  ·Ã‚         Early Forms of Philippine Literature:   Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb);                o  Pre-colonial p oetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage);                    o  Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  ·Ã‚         Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period:                o    Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, Bantugan II. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) –         The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; –         Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†;          In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; –         Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically ins pired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; –         Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause;  The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; –         Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; –         The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  ·Ã‚        Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period:   Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week);                o  Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido;                o  Komedya – a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  ·Ã‚          Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o  Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press;           o  May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog;             o  Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P. Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,†was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino;             o  Ninay (1885) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno;             o  Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas†Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces hat may affirm the conclusion;             o  Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards;              o  La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) –         The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; –         The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; –         As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; –         During the American colonization period, Phi lippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; –         The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; –         One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; –         Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major hemes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; –    Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few –  during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.         Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period:                     o  Short Story o  Poetry in English                     o  Free Verse in Poetry                     o  Drama  ·Ã‚ Â Â Â Â Â à ‚  Notable Works of the American Period: o   Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism;                 o  Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem;                 o  Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html How to cite Philippine Literature, Papers Philippine Literature Free Essays Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work and can, in some circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliterature literally means â€Å"things made from letters†and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to signify â€Å"literature,†as in the figures of speech†arts and letters†and â€Å"man of letters. †Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsâ€â€fiction and non-fictionâ€â€and two major techniquesâ€â€poetry and prose. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such as polemical works as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well as belles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. The concept of genre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genre include romance, mystery, crime, fantasy, erotica, and adventure, among others. Important historical periods in English literature includeOld English, Middle English, the Renaissance, the 17th Century Shakespearean and Elizabethan times, the 18th Century Restoration, 19th Century Victorian, and 20th Century Modernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature include feminism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, post-modernism, romanticism, and Marxism. Literature’s three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks. This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms: prose, poetry, and drama. Prose Prose is derived from a Latin root word, prosa, that means â€Å"straightforward†(other scholars argue that the root for â€Å"prose†is proversa oratio, which means †straightforward discourse. †Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim of identity by negation, prose is frequently defined as â€Å"that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also contains plot and the attendant narrative structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has developed verse. Prosege nres are many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are: * novel – A lengthy fictional prose narrative. * novella – A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story – a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote – A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greek poetes which means â€Å"doer†or â€Å"creator,†is a catch-all term that is applied to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset of verse (and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its â€Å"imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. †Most culture’s first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod). The purposes of poetry are said to include: 1. A didactic purpose, meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique insight that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning â€Å"to do,†drama is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greek comedy is traced to ancient fertility rites. Tragedy (which comes from the Greek word How to cite Philippine Literature, Essay examples
Specialized Standardization Popularization -Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Discuss About The Specialized Standardization Popularization? Answer: Introduction: The case study which has been provided for analysis is about a young teenage boy named Geraint. The boy was the adopted child of his parents. He did not have a normal acceptance into his family. There was a complaint to the police regarding a damage of personal property. At the time of his hearing a solicitor was called to help the boy out but he had refused the help of a solicitor. This can be considered to be a case which is quite common in the present times where couples often adopt children whom they are either not able to accept properly or cannot govern. These cases need to be looked into with proper help and guidance. Findings: Certain findings have been made which can particularly be highlighted from the case study provided. The boy had been arrested at 1 am at night. He was extremely subdued and did not want any sort of help from any quarters. He was extremely upset and did not say much at the time of being arrested by the police. At the time of questioning also Geraint was extremely upset. At time of questioning neither of his parents were with him. This was also a case in point regarding the possible nature of relationship between them. A social worker was called to serve as an adult at the time of questioning Geraint. After questioning the boy it was possible to delve a little deeper into the actual problems which were hurting and plaguing him from time to time. The boy stated that his parents had been unhappy with him and they had made that clear to the boy several times. The parents stated clearly to the boy that they regretted their decision to adopt him. They also cited several reasons for that as well. The parents were upset that he did not fulfil their expectations which they had from him as a child. They were sad and disheartened that Geraint could not perform well. He performed low consistently so they wished that they had never adopted him. They always were in the negative zone and regretted taking the decision of adopting the boy. Geraints consistent poor results were the major cause of regret of the couple who adopted him. They were so angry and regretful that they clearly stated their decision. Their decision was they did not wish that Geraint returned to the house. Discussion: There are several issues which arise at the time when a child realizes that he or she has been adopted. The children may feel sad or extremely hurt at the absence of a relation with their birth parents and also the loss of the family and cultural connections which might have existed with those parents. Such moments of grief might be triggered at several instances in their lives. These feelings are manifested in the teen years at the times when turbulence is experienced by a majority of the adopted children. This is due the reason that the children feel abandoned as well as abandonable. There is always an inherent feeling in the children that they are not good enough for their parents. Such hurtful and vulnerable feelings might be compounded in case the children find out that their parents are regretting the decision to adopt them (Charlesworth, 2013). Adopted children might struggle with issues of self esteem or identity development issues more than their non adopted peers. The teenagers might feel identity crisis issues due to instances of non-acceptance by their parents who have chosen to adopt them. There are instances where thoughts arise in the mind of the children that may be they are not suitable enough to live with their own parents. Every moment of their lives the children live with the thought that they might have a whole family to look and work out for. There might also be issues of guilt which might accompany such issues of identity and other concerns (Leslie et al., 2013). There are certain instances where adopted children feel that they are betraying their adopted family and family members by expressing their desire to meet with their blood relations. Sensitive or emotionally weak children might also face issues of bullying in school where they might be subject to harsh or rude comments or words when their classmates learn about their real identities of being adopted (Brighous Swift, 2014). This particular incident might be explained as an incident of adolescent to parent violence which is not much highlighted even in the present days. There are certain behavioural patterns which categorize the APV which include that of coercive control, domination and intimidation. Crucially the parental behaviours are also compromised by fear of violence. Adoption of children and dealing with them also include their challenging behavioural patterns and avoiding instances of domestic violence (Bentley Mace, 2012). Conclusion: Every adolescent might not express an interest in the history of his or her family. Some children might be okay with their reality of being an adopted child. Some children are aware of the obligations which exist leading to the circumstances of their adoption. In addition to this it can be said that those children who are informed later on about their incidents of adoption, are much more understanding towards their adopted and birth parents. They realise the financial obligations which might have prevented their blood relations from raising their children themselves. It is seen that the situation of every adopted child and his or her condition at home or their relationship with their parents is different. Proper care and support is needed at every stage to ensure that they are well taken care of. There should be a proper balance between the childs acceptance at home and among their families that is their relatives as well. Only if the child feels accepted by his parents and family wi ll a sense of peace prevail in his mind. This is the responsibility of every couple who takes the decision to adopt. Recommendations: It is necessary to treat even an adopted child as ones own child. In situations where the parents feel that they are not ready to take up the responsibility of a child who is not their own they should not proceed to adopt in the first place. After the couples have gone ahead with their decision to adopt a child they become responsible for the successful upbringing of their child and they cannot harm an innocent childs life in any way due to their regret or any sort of negativity on their part (Barkley Benton, 2013). In the particular case study for example the parents have not shown any sort of considerate behaviour towards Geraint. They have kept on criticizing him and his performance in academics. They should have shown a certain amount of considerate attitude towards him. They even had not tried to understand what actually the reason for the bad performance of Geraint in school was. From their behaviour it was natural for Geraint as a child to feel sad and dejected. The repetitive condemning statements of his adopted parents pained and depressed him greatly. His parents did not even try to know whether he was being bullied at school or was hurt due to any sort of statements from his classmates. The parents needed to sit the boy down and talk with him in a nice and friendly manner to justify whether they could help him to improve his studies in any way. They could sit with him for an hour in the evenings when they were free to teach him about his class curriculum. In case Geraint found that his parents actually took a keen interest in him, he would not despair and would not feel sad and disheartened. He would instead work hard and try to perform better to move up high in the eyes of his parents. In case his parents lent a hearing ear to his problems he would not feel alone in the journey of his life. Therefore the parents should have allowed Geraint to grow as a part of his family and get accepted. Acceptance would play a huge part in his life and he would be able to perform and get good grades for himself. As responsible parents, the couple who adopted Geraint needed to understand the daily trials and tribulations which he had to go through. It is clear that slowly and gradually Geraint started becoming violent after being hurt indirectly by the words of his adopted parents day after day. He might have inbuilt a sense of non acceptance within him which allowed him to realize that nobody found him good enough. The breaking of things at home was nothing but an ultimate crescendo of his feelings. After being dejected and sad for most of the time, ultimately he could do nothing but show his frustration and madness. This was due to the fact that the most important people in his life apart from his blood relations were not accepting him and rather regretting their decision. References Barkley, R. A., Benton, C. M. (2013).Your defiant child: Eight steps to better behavior. Guilford Press. Bentley, G., Mace, R. (Eds.). (2012).Substitute parents: Biological and social perspectives on alloparenting in human societies(Vol. 3). Berghahn Books. Brighouse, H., Swift, A. (2014).Family values: The ethics of parent-child relationships. Princeton University Press. Carnes?Holt, K., Bratton, S. C. (2014). The efficacy of child parent relationship therapy for adopted children with attachment disruptions.Journal of Counseling Development,92(3), 328-337. Charlesworth, R. (2013).Understanding child development. Cengage Learning. Leslie, L. A., Smith, J. R., Hrapczynski, K. M., Riley, D. (2013). Racial socialization in transracial adoptive families: Does it help adolescents deal with discrimination stress?.Family Relations,62(1), 72-81. Matthews, J. A., Pinderhughes, E. E. (2016). Ethnic Racial Socialization Among Inracial International Adoptive Placements. Zollo, S. A. (2015). Raise your Hand against Smacking! Raising Awareness on Childrens Rights through Popularization.Variations in Specialized Genres: Standardization and Popularization, 261.
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